Dynamic Graph Visualization
Introduction

- Timeline Trees visualization for a market basket data set showing 5 transactions
Visualizing dynamic directed and weighted graphs with an additional hierarchical organization of the graph vertices is a challenging task. Many data dimensions have to be represented at the same time:
- the graph vertices
- the adjacency edges induced by the graph
- the weights of the adjacency edges
- the inclusion edges induced by the hierarchy
- the evolution of the graph over time
Traditional approaches use a time-to-time mapping and show the time-varying graph data as animated sequences of node-link diagrams. Though this visualization strategy is very intuitive it also has some drawbacks:
- if the graphs are very dense, i.e. have many edges, visual clutter occurs caused by many edge crossings
- animation leads to cognitive efforts for a viewer to preserve his mental map
- sophisticated layout algorithms are needed to circumwent the two former mentioned problems that have a high run time complexity
Research
In our research we avoid a time-to-time mapping and encode the time dimension into space instead. We use stacked graphical color coded elements to show weighted time-varying relations and we show links only implicitly by different orientations instead of direct explicit links as in node-link diagrams.

- Layered TimeRadarTrees visualization showing more than 6,000,000 data points of an evolving directed and weighted graph

- TimeRadarTrees visualization for soccer match results of 14 years in a part of Europe

- The thumbnail view for the goalkeeper showing all weighted relations to all other players in a specific time interval
Our approach allows to easily explore a time-varying graph data set for trends, countertrends, and anomalies and has many benefits:
- visual clutter is reduced by showing the links implicitly
- cognitive efforts are reduced and the mental map is preserved by using static images
- interactive features can easily be applied
- run time complexities are reduced and graphs can be added on-the-fly.
Publications
2011
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Burch, Michael; Heinrich, Julian; Konevtsova, Natalia; Höferlin, Markus; Weiskopf, Daniel: Evaluation of Traditional, Orthogonal, and Radial Tree Diagrams by an Eye Tracking Study. In: IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics: Nr. 6 (2011), 2440–2448.
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Burch, Michael; Vehlow, Corinna; Beck, Fabian; Diehl, Stephan; Weiskopf, Daniel: Parallel Edge Splatting for Scalable Dynamic Graph Visualization. In: IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics: Nr. 12 (2011), 2344--2353.
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Burch, Michael; Höferlin, Markus; Weiskopf, Daniel: Layered TimeRadarTrees. In: In Proceedings of 15th International Conference on Information Visualization (IV), (toappear), 2011.
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Burch, Michael; Vehlow, Corinna; Konevtsova, Natalia; Weiskopf, Daniel: Evaluating Partially Drawn Links for Directed Graph Edges. In: In 19th International Symposium on Graph Drawing, 226-237, 2011.
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Burch, Michael; Weiskopf, Daniel: Visualizing Dynamic Quantitative Data in Hierarchies. TimeEdgeTrees: Attaching Dynamic Weights to Tree Edges. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Visualization Theory and Applications, 177-186, 2011.
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Heinrich, Julian; Seifert, Julian; Burch, Michael; Weiskopf, Daniel: BiCluster Viewer: A Visualization Tool for Analyzing Gene Expression Data. In: Proceedings of International Symposium on Visual Computing (ISVC), 641–652, 2011.
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2010
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Diehl, Stephan; Beck, Fabian; Burch, Michael: Uncovering Strengths and Weaknesses of Radial Visualizations---an Empirical Approach. In: . IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph.: Nr. 6 (2010), 935-942.
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Burch, Michael; Fritz, Peter; Beck, Fabian; Diehl, Stephan: TimeSpiderTrees: A Novel Visual Metaphor for Dynamic Compound Graphs. In: VL/HCC 2010, 168-175, 2010.
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Burch, Michael; Raschke, Michael; Weiskopf, Daniel: Indented Pixel Tree Plots. In: International Symposium on Visual Computing, 2010.
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Müller, Christoph; Reina, Guido; Burch, Michael; Weiskopf, Daniel: Subversion Statistics Sifter. In: Proceedings of International Symposium on Visual Computing (ISVC 2010), 447-457, 2010.
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2009
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Greilich, Martin; Burch, Michael; Diehl, Stephan: Visualizing the Evolution of Compound Digraphs with TimeArcTrees. In: Comput. Graph. Forum: Nr. 3 (2009), 975-982.
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2008
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Burch, Michael; Diehl, Stephan: Visualizing Dynamic Compound Digraphs. In: Comput. Graph. Forum: Nr. 3 (2008), 823-830.
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