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Institut für Visualisierung und Interaktive Systeme
Team
Daniel Weiskopf

Daniel Weiskopf

Herr Prof. Dr.

Geschäftsführender Direktor VIS, Co-Direktor VISUS
Visualisierungsinstitut (VISUS) und Institut für Visualisierung und Interaktive Systeme (VIS) der Universität Stuttgart
Leiter Abteilung Visualisierung

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+49 711 685 88602
+49 711 685 88610
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70569 Stuttgart
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Raum: 01.002

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Publikationen

Publikationen:

2024
1. Vriend, Sita A. ; Vidyapu, Sandeep ; Chen, Kun-Ting ; Weiskopf, Daniel: Which Experimental Design is Better Suited for VQA Tasks? Eye Tracking Study on Cognitive Load, Performance, and Gaze Allocations. In: Proceedings of the Symposium on Eye Tracking and Visualization (ETVIS), Proceedings of the Symposium on Eye Tracking and Visualization (ETVIS), 2024
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  @inproceedings{vriend2024which, abstract = {We conducted an eye-tracking user study with 13 participants to investigate the influence of stimulus-question ordering and question modality on participants using visual question-answering (VQA) tasks. We examined cognitive load, task performance, and gaze allocations across five distinct experimental designs, aiming to identify setups that minimize the cognitive burden on participants. The collected performance and gaze data were analyzed using quantitative and qualitative methods. Our results indicate a significant impact of stimulus-question ordering on cognitive load and task performance, as well as a noteworthy effect of question modality on task performance. These findings offer insights for the experimental design of controlled user studies in visualization research.}, author = {Vriend, Sita A. and Vidyapu, Sandeep and Chen, Kun-Ting and Weiskopf, Daniel}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Symposium on Eye Tracking and Visualization (ETVIS)}, doi = {10.1145/3649902.3653519}, month = {06}, title = {Which Experimental Design is Better Suited for VQA Tasks? Eye Tracking Study on Cognitive Load, Performance, and Gaze Allocations}, url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.04036}, year = 2024 }
  Link
  https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.04036
2. Krake, Tim ; Klötzl, Daniel ; Hägele, David ; Weiskopf, Daniel: Uncertainty-Aware Seasonal-Trend Decomposition Based on Loess. In: IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics. (2024), S. 1–16
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  @article{10433771, abstract = {Seasonal-trend decomposition based on loess (STL) is a powerful tool to explore time series data visually. In this paper, we present an extension of STL to uncertain data, named uncertainty-aware STL (UASTL). Our method propagates multivariate Gaussian distributions mathematically exactly through the entire analysis and visualization pipeline. Thereby, stochastic quantities shared between the components of the decomposition are preserved. Moreover, we present application scenarios with uncertainty modeling based on Gaussian processes, e.g., data with uncertain areas or missing values. Besides these mathematical results and modeling aspects, we introduce visualization techniques that address the challenges of uncertainty visualization and the problem of visualizing highly correlated components of a decomposition. The global uncertainty propagation enables the time series visualization with STL-consistent samples, the exploration of correlation between and within decomposition's components, and the analysis of the impact of varying uncertainty. Finally, we show the usefulness of UASTL and the importance of uncertainty visualization with several examples. Thereby, a comparison with conventional STL is performed.}, author = {Krake, Tim and Klötzl, Daniel and Hägele, David and Weiskopf, Daniel}, doi = {10.1109/TVCG.2024.3364388}, issn = {1941-0506}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics}, pages = {1-16}, title = {Uncertainty-Aware Seasonal-Trend Decomposition Based on Loess}, year = 2024 }
2023
1. Wortmeier, Ann-Kathrin ; Calepso, Aimée Sousa ; Kropp, Cordula ; Sedlmair, Michael ; Weiskopf, Daniel: Configuring augmented reality users: analysing YouTube commercials to understand industry expectations. In: Behaviour & Information Technology, Behaviour & Information Technology. Bd. 0, Taylor & Francis (2023), Nr. 0, S. 1–16
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  @article{doi:10.1080/0144929X.2022.2163693, abstract = {Commercial videos are often used to familiarise potential buyers and users with new technologies and their possibilities. In addition, presenting visions of future applications is a way to configure users and define social worlds of technology use. We analyse 30 YouTube videos featuring augmented reality (AR) devices in industrial manufacturing and construction, to explore how these commercial videos situate AR technology and future users by showcasing techno-euphoric promises and imagined use cases. With a video analysis based on Grounded Theory and Situational Analysis, we untangle the promises of AR for manufacturing and construction work; second, we present two prevailing configurations of AR users: ‘experts in situ’ and ‘smart dummies’; and third, we discuss how YouTube videos put forward developmental expectations. In addition, we identify discrepancies between expectations and foreseeable requirements in construction work. Finally, our research could contribute to a more holistic understanding of workplaces and socially robust AR applications. }, author = {Wortmeier, Ann-Kathrin and Calepso, Aimée Sousa and Kropp, Cordula and Sedlmair, Michael and Weiskopf, Daniel}, doi = {10.1080/0144929X.2022.2163693}, eprint = {https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2022.2163693}, journal = {Behaviour \& Information Technology}, month = {01}, number = 0, pages = {1-16}, publisher = {Taylor & Francis}, title = {Configuring augmented reality users: analysing YouTube commercials to understand industry expectations}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2022.2163693 }, volume = 0, year = 2023 }
  Link
  https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2022.2163693
2. Chen, Kun-Ting ; Prouzeau, Arnaud ; Langmead, Joshua ; Whitelock-Jones, Ryan T. ; Lawrence, Lee ; Dwyer, Tim ; Hurter, Christophe ; Weiskopf, Daniel ; u. a.: Gazealytics : A Unified and Flexible Visual Toolkit for Exploratory and Comparative Gaze Analysis. In: ETRA ’23 : Proceedings of the 2023 Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications, ETRA ’23 : Proceedings of the 2023 Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications : Association for Computing Machinery, 2023 — ISBN 979-8-4007-0150-4, S. 1–7
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  @inproceedings{chen2023gazealytics, abstract = {We present a novel, web-based visual eye-tracking analytics tool called Gazealytics. Our open-source toolkit features a unified combination of gaze analytics features that support flexible exploratory analysis, along with annotation of areas of interest (AOI) and filter options based on multiple criteria to visually analyse eye tracking data across time and space. Gazealytics features coordinated views unifying spatiotemporal exploration of fixations and scanpaths for various analytical tasks. A novel matrix representation allows analysis of relationships between such spatial or temporal features. Data can be grouped across samples, user-defined AOIs or time windows of interest (TWIs) to support aggregate or filtered analysis of gaze activity. This approach exceeds the capabilities of existing systems by supporting flexible comparison between and within subjects, hypothesis generation, data analysis and communication of insights. We demonstrate in a walkthrough that Gazealytics supports multiple types of eye tracking datasets and analytical tasks.}, affiliation = {Chen, KT (Corresponding Author), Univ Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany. Chen, Kun-Ting, Univ Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia. Chen, Kun-Ting, Univ Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany. Prouzeau, Arnaud, Univ Bordeaux, INRIA, Bordeaux, France. Prouzeau, Arnaud, Univ Bordeaux, LaBRI, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, Bordeaux, France. Langmead, Joshua; Whitelock-Jones, Ryan T.; Lawrence, Lee; Dwyer, Tim; Goodwin, Sarah, Monash Univ, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. Hurter, Christophe, Univ Toulouse, ENAC, Toulouse, France. Weiskopf, Daniel, Univ Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.}, author = {Chen, Kun-Ting and Prouzeau, Arnaud and Langmead, Joshua and Whitelock-Jones, Ryan T. and Lawrence, Lee and Dwyer, Tim and Hurter, Christophe and Weiskopf, Daniel and Goodwin, Sarah}, booktitle = {ETRA '23 : Proceedings of the 2023 Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications}, doi = {10.1145/3588015.3589844}, isbn = {979-8-4007-0150-4}, month = {05}, pages = {1-7}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, research-areas = {Computer Science}, researcherid-numbers = {Prouzeau, Arnaud/AAU-3378-2021 Chen, Kun-Ting/HLQ-7940-2023 Hurter, Christophe/IAM-1546-2023}, title = {Gazealytics : A Unified and Flexible Visual Toolkit for Exploratory and Comparative Gaze Analysis}, unique-id = {WOS:001031497300069}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3588015.3589844}, year = 2023 }
  Link
  https://doi.org/10.1145/3588015.3589844
3. Chen, Kun-Ting ; Ngo, Quynh Quang ; Kurzhals, Kuno ; Marriott, Kim ; Dwyer, Tim ; Sedlmair, Michael ; Weiskopf, Daniel: Reading Strategies for Graph Visualizations That Wrap Around in Torus Topology. In: Proceedings of the 2023 Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications, Proceedings of the 2023 Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications. Tubingen, Germany : Association for Computing Machinery, 2023 — ISBN 9798400701504
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  @inproceedings{10.1145/3588015.3589841, abstract = {We investigate reading strategies for node-link diagrams that wrap around the boundaries in a flattened torus topology by examining eye tracking data recorded in a previous controlled study. Prior work showed that torus drawing affords greater flexibility in clutter reduction than traditional node-link representations, but impedes link-and-path exploration tasks, while repeating tiles around boundaries aids comprehension. However, it remains unclear what strategies users apply in different wrapping settings. This is important for design implications for future work on more effective wrapped visualizations for network applications, and cyclic data that could benefit from wrapping. We perform visual-exploratory data analysis of gaze data, and conduct statistical tests derived from the patterns identified. Results show distinguishable gaze behaviors, with more visual glances and transitions between areas of interest in the non-replicated layout. Full-context has more successful visual searches than partial-context, but the gaze allocation indicates that the layout could be more space-efficient.}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, articleno = {67}, author = {Chen, Kun-Ting and Ngo, Quynh Quang and Kurzhals, Kuno and Marriott, Kim and Dwyer, Tim and Sedlmair, Michael and Weiskopf, Daniel}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2023 Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications}, doi = {10.1145/3588015.3589841}, isbn = {9798400701504}, location = {Tubingen, Germany}, numpages = {7}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, series = {ETRA '23}, title = {Reading Strategies for Graph Visualizations That Wrap Around in Torus Topology}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3588015.3589841}, year = 2023 }
  Link
  https://doi.org/10.1145/3588015.3589841
4. Pathmanathan, N. ; Öney, S. ; Becher, M. ; Sedlmair, M. ; Weiskopf, D. ; Kurzhals, K.: Been There, Seen That: Visualization of Movement and 3D Eye Tracking Data from Real-World Environments. In: Computer Graphics Forum, Computer Graphics Forum. Bd. 42 (2023), Nr. 3, S. 385–396
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  @article{https://doi.org/10.1111/cgf.14838, abstract = {Abstract The distribution of visual attention can be evaluated using eye tracking, providing valuable insights into usability issues and interaction patterns. However, when used in real, augmented, and collaborative environments, new challenges arise that go beyond desktop scenarios and purely virtual environments. Toward addressing these challenges, we present a visualization technique that provides complementary views on the movement and eye tracking data recorded from multiple people in real-world environments. Our method is based on a space-time cube visualization and a linked 3D replay of recorded data. We showcase our approach with an experiment that examines how people investigate an artwork collection. The visualization provides insights into how people moved and inspected individual pictures in their spatial context over time. In contrast to existing methods, this analysis is possible for multiple participants without extensive annotation of areas of interest. Our technique was evaluated with a think-aloud experiment to investigate analysis strategies and an interview with domain experts to examine the applicability in other research fields.}, author = {Pathmanathan, N. and Öney, S. and Becher, M. and Sedlmair, M. and Weiskopf, D. and Kurzhals, K.}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1111/cgf.14838}, eprint = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/cgf.14838}, journal = {Computer Graphics Forum}, number = 3, pages = {385-396}, title = {Been There, Seen That: Visualization of Movement and 3D Eye Tracking Data from Real-World Environments}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/cgf.14838}, volume = 42, year = 2023 }
  Link
  https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/cgf.14838
5. Öney, Seyda ; Pathmanathan, Nelusa ; Becher, Michael ; Sedlmair, Michael ; Weiskopf, Daniel ; Kurzhals, Kuno: Visual Gaze Labeling for Augmented Reality Studies. In: Bujack, R. ; Archambault, D. ; Schreck, T. (Hrsg.) Computer Graphics Forum, Computer Graphics Forum. Bd. 42, The Eurographics Association and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. (2023), Nr. 3, S. 373-38412 pages
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  @article{N2090D:2023, abstract = {Augmented Reality (AR) provides new ways for situated visualization and human-computer interaction in physical environments. Current evaluation procedures for AR applications rely primarily on questionnaires and interviews, providing qualitative means to assess usability and task solution strategies. Eye tracking extends these existing evaluation methodologies by providing indicators for visual attention to virtual and real elements in the environment. However, the analysis of viewing behavior, especially the comparison of multiple participants, is difficult to achieve in AR. Specifically, the definition of areas of interest (AOIs), which is often a prerequisite for such analysis, is cumbersome and tedious with existing approaches. To address this issue, we present a new visualization approach to define AOIs, label fixations, and investigate the resulting annotated scanpaths. Our approach utilizes automatic annotation of gaze on virtual objects and an image-based approach that also considers spatial context for the manual annotation of objects in the real world. Our results show, that with our approach, eye tracking data from AR scenes can be annotated and analyzed flexibly with respect to data aspects and annotation strategies.}, author = {Öney, Seyda and Pathmanathan, Nelusa and Becher, Michael and Sedlmair, Michael and Weiskopf, Daniel and Kurzhals, Kuno}, doi = {10.1111/cgf.14837}, editor = {Bujack, Roxana and Archambault, Daniel and Schreck, Tobias}, journal = {Computer Graphics Forum}, number = 3, pages = {373-38412 pages}, publisher = {The Eurographics Association and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.}, title = {Visual Gaze Labeling for Augmented Reality Studies}, url = {https://diglib.eg.org/xmlui/handle/10.1111/cgf14837}, volume = 42, year = 2023 }
  Link
  https://diglib.eg.org/xmlui/handle/10.1111/cgf14837
6. Koch, Maurice ; Kurzhals, Kuno ; Burch, Michael ; Weiskopf, Daniel: Visualization Psychology for Eye Tracking Evaluation. In: Albers Szafir, D. ; Borgo, R. ; Chen, M. ; Edwards, D. J. ; Fisher, B. ; Padilla, L. (Hrsg.) ; Albers Szafir, D. ; Borgo, R. ; Chen, M. ; Edwards, D. J. ; Fisher, B. ; Padilla, L. (Hrsg.): Visualization Psychology, Visualization Psychology. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2023 — ISBN 978-3-031-34738-2, S. 243--260
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  @inbook{Koch2023, abstract = {Technical progress in hardware and software enables us to record gaze data in everyday situations and over long time spans. Among a multitude of research opportunities, this technology enables visualization researchers to catch a glimpse behind performance measures and into the perceptual and cognitive processes of people using visualization techniques. The majority of eye tracking studies performed for visualization research are limited to the analysis of gaze distributions and aggregated statistics, thus only covering a small portion of insights that can be derived from gaze data. We argue that incorporating theories and methodology from psychology and cognitive science will benefit the design and evaluation of eye tracking experiments for visualization. This book chapter provides an overview of how eye tracking can be used in a variety of study designs. Furthermore, we discuss the potential merits of cognitive models for the evaluation of visualizations. We exemplify these concepts on two scenarios, each focusing on a different eye tracking study. Lastly, we identify several call for actions.}, address = {Cham}, author = {Koch, Maurice and Kurzhals, Kuno and Burch, Michael and Weiskopf, Daniel}, booktitle = {Visualization Psychology}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-34738-2_10}, editor = {Albers Szafir, Danielle and Borgo, Rita and Chen, Min and Edwards, Darren J. and Fisher, Brian and Padilla, Lace}, isbn = {978-3-031-34738-2}, pages = {243--260}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, title = {Visualization Psychology for Eye Tracking Evaluation}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34738-2_10}, year = 2023 }
  Link
  https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34738-2_10
2022
1. Schäfer, Peter ; Rodrigues, Nils ; Weiskopf, Daniel ; Storandt, Sabine: Group Diagrams for Simplified Representation of Scanpaths. In: Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Visual Information Communication and Interaction (VINCI), Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Visual Information Communication and Interaction (VINCI) : ACM, 2022
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  @inproceedings{schafer2022group, abstract = {We instrument Group Diagrams (GDs) to reduce clutter in sets of eye-tracking scanpaths. Group Diagrams consist of trajectory subsets that cover, or represent, the whole set of trajectories with respect to some distance measure and an adjustable distance threshold. The original GDs allow for an application of various distance measures. We implement the GD framework and evaluate it on scanpaths that were collected by a former user study on public transit maps. We find that the Fréchet distance is the most appropriate measure to get meaningful results, yet it is flexible enough to cover outliers.We discuss several implementation-specific challenges and improve the scalability of the algorithm.}, author = {Schäfer, Peter and Rodrigues, Nils and Weiskopf, Daniel and Storandt, Sabine}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Visual Information Communication and Interaction (VINCI)}, doi = {10.1145/3554944.3554971}, month = {08}, publisher = {ACM}, title = {Group Diagrams for Simplified Representation of Scanpaths}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3554944.3554971}, year = 2022 }
  Link
  https://doi.org/10.1145/3554944.3554971
2. Klötzl, Daniel ; Krake, Tim ; Zhou, Youjia ; Hotz, Ingrid ; Wang, Bei ; Weiskopf, Daniel: Local bilinear computation of Jacobi sets. In: The Visual Computer, The Visual Computer. Bd. 38 (2022), S. 3435–3448
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  @article{klotzl2022local, abstract = {We propose a novel method for the computation of Jacobi sets in 2D domains. The Jacobi set is a topological descriptor based on Morse theory that captures gradient alignments among multiple scalar fields, which is useful for multi-field visualization. Previous Jacobi set computations use piecewise linear approximations on triangulations that result in discretization artifacts like zig-zag patterns. In this paper, we utilize a local bilinear method to obtain a more precise approximation of Jacobi sets by preserving the topology and improving the geometry. Consequently, zig-zag patterns on edges are avoided, resulting in a smoother Jacobi set representation. Our experiments show a better convergence with increasing resolution compared to the piecewise linear method. We utilize this advantage with an efficient local subdivision scheme. Finally, our approach is evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively in comparison with previous methods for different mesh resolutions and across a number of synthetic and real-world examples.}, author = {Klötzl, Daniel and Krake, Tim and Zhou, Youjia and Hotz, Ingrid and Wang, Bei and Weiskopf, Daniel}, doi = {10.1007/s00371-022-02557-4}, issn = {14322315}, journal = {The Visual Computer}, pages = {3435–3448}, refid = {Klötzl2022}, title = {Local bilinear computation of Jacobi sets}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00371-022-02557-4}, volume = 38, year = 2022 }
  Link
  https://doi.org/10.1007/s00371-022-02557-4
3. Angerbauer, Katrin ; Rodrigues, Nils ; Cutura, Rene ; Öney, Seyda ; Pathmanathan, Nelusa ; Morariu, Cristina ; Weiskopf, Daniel ; Sedlmair, Michael: Accessibility for Color Vision Deficiencies: Challenges and Findings of a Large Scale Study on Paper Figures. In: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New Orleans, LA, USA : Association for Computing Machinery, 2022 — ISBN 9781450391573
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  @inproceedings{10.1145/3491102.3502133, abstract = {We present an exploratory study on the accessibility of images in publications when viewed with color vision deficiencies (CVDs). The study is based on 1,710 images sampled from a visualization dataset (VIS30K) over five years. We simulated four CVDs on each image. First, four researchers (one with a CVD) identified existing issues and helpful aspects in a subset of the images. Based on the resulting labels, 200 crowdworkers provided  30,000 ratings on present CVD issues in the simulated images. We analyzed this data for correlations, clusters, trends, and free text comments to gain a first overview of paper figure accessibility. Overall, about 60 % of the images were rated accessible. Furthermore, our study indicates that accessibility issues are subjective and hard to detect. On a meta-level, we reflect on our study experience to point out challenges and opportunities of large-scale accessibility studies for future research directions.}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, articleno = {134}, author = {Angerbauer, Katrin and Rodrigues, Nils and Cutura, Rene and \"{O}ney, Seyda and Pathmanathan, Nelusa and Morariu, Cristina and Weiskopf, Daniel and Sedlmair, Michael}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems}, doi = {10.1145/3491102.3502133}, isbn = {9781450391573}, location = {New Orleans, LA, USA}, numpages = {23}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, series = {CHI '22}, title = {Accessibility for Color Vision Deficiencies: Challenges and Findings of a Large Scale Study on Paper Figures}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3491102.3502133}, year = 2022 }
  Link
  https://doi.org/10.1145/3491102.3502133
4. Krake, Tim ; von Scheven, Malte ; Gade, Jan ; Abdelaal, Moataz ; Weiskopf, Daniel ; Bischoff, Manfred: Efficient Update of Redundancy Matrices for Truss and Frame Structures. In: Journal of Theoretical, Computational and Applied Mechanics, Journal of Theoretical, Computational and Applied Mechanics. (2022)
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  @article{jtcam:10398, abstract = {Redundancy matrices provide insights into the load carrying behavior of statically indeterminate structures. This information can be employed for the design and analysis of structures with regard to certain objectives, for example reliability, robustness, or adaptability. In this context, the structure is often iteratively examined with the help of slight adjustments. However, this procedure generally requires a high computational effort for the recalculation of the redundancy matrix due to the necessity of costly matrix operations. This paper addresses this problem by providing generic algebraic formulations for efficiently updating the redundancy matrix (and related matrices). The formulations include various modifications like adding, removing, and exchanging elements and are applicable to truss and frame structures. With several examples, we demonstrate the interaction between the formulas and their mechanical interpretation. Finally, a performance test for a scaleable structure is presented. }, author = {Krake, Tim and von Scheven, Malte and Gade, Jan and Abdelaal, Moataz and Weiskopf, Daniel and Bischoff, Manfred}, doi = {10.46298/jtcam.9615}, journal = {{Journal of Theoretical, Computational and Applied Mechanics}}, title = {{Efficient Update of Redundancy Matrices for Truss and Frame Structures}}, url = {https://jtcam.episciences.org/10398}, year = 2022 }
  Link
  https://jtcam.episciences.org/10398
5. Krake, Tim ; Klötzl, Daniel ; Eberhardt, Bernhard ; Weiskopf, Daniel: Constrained Dynamic Mode Decomposition. In: IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics. (2022), S. 1–11
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  @article{9904965, abstract = {Frequency-based decomposition of time series data is used in many visualization applications. Most of these decomposition methods (such as Fourier transform or singular spectrum analysis) only provide interaction via pre- and post-processing, but no means to influence the core algorithm. A method that also belongs to this class is Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD), a spectral decomposition method that extracts spatio-temporal patterns from data. In this paper, we incorporate frequency-based constraints into DMD for an adaptive decomposition that leads to user-controllable visualizations, allowing analysts to include their knowledge into the process. To accomplish this, we derive an equivalent reformulation of DMD that implicitly provides access to the eigenvalues (and therefore to the frequencies) identified by DMD. By utilizing a constrained minimization problem customized to DMD, we can guarantee the existence of desired frequencies by minimal changes to DMD. We complement this core approach by additional techniques for constrained DMD to facilitate explorative visualization and investigation of time series data. With several examples, we demonstrate the usefulness of constrained DMD and compare it to conventional frequency-based decomposition methods.}, author = {Krake, Tim and Klötzl, Daniel and Eberhardt, Bernhard and Weiskopf, Daniel}, doi = {10.1109/TVCG.2022.3209437}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics}, pages = {1-11}, title = {Constrained Dynamic Mode Decomposition}, url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9904965}, year = 2022 }
  Link
  https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9904965
6. Abdelaal, Moataz ; Amtsberg, Felix ; Becher, Michael ; Estrada, Rebeca Duque ; Kannenberg, Fabian ; Calepso, Aimée Sousa ; Wagner, Hans Jakob ; Reina, Guido ; u. a.: Visualization for Architecture, Engineering, and Construction: Shaping the Future of Our Built World. In: IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications. Bd. 42 (2022), Nr. 2, S. 10–20
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  @article{9709159, abstract = {Our built world is one of the most important factors for a livable future, accounting for massive impact on resource and energy use, as well as climate change, but also the social and economic aspects that come with population growth. The architecture, engineering, and construction industry is facing the challenge that it needs to substantially increase its productivity, let alone the quality of buildings of the future. In this article, we discuss these challenges in more detail, focusing on how digitization can facilitate this transformation of the industry, and link them to opportunities for visualization and augmented reality research. We illustrate solution strategies for advanced building systems based on wood and fiber.}, author = {Abdelaal, Moataz and Amtsberg, Felix and Becher, Michael and Estrada, Rebeca Duque and Kannenberg, Fabian and Calepso, Aimée Sousa and Wagner, Hans Jakob and Reina, Guido and Sedlmair, Michael and Menges, Achim and Weiskopf, Daniel}, doi = {10.1109/MCG.2022.3149837}, issn = {1558-1756}, journal = {IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications}, month = {03}, number = 2, pages = {10-20}, title = {Visualization for Architecture, Engineering, and Construction: Shaping the Future of Our Built World}, volume = 42, year = 2022 }
7. Weiskopf, Daniel: Uncertainty Visualization: Concepts, Methods, and Applications in Biological Data Visualization. In: Frontiers in Bioinformatics, Frontiers in Bioinformatics. Bd. 2 (2022)
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  @article{10.3389/fbinf.2022.793819, abstract = {This paper provides an overview of uncertainty visualization in general, along with specific examples of applications in bioinformatics. Starting from a processing and interaction pipeline of visualization, components are discussed that are relevant for handling and visualizing uncertainty introduced with the original data and at later stages in the pipeline, which shows the importance of making the stages of the pipeline aware of uncertainty and allowing them to propagate uncertainty. We detail concepts and methods for visual mappings of uncertainty, distinguishing between explicit and implict representations of distributions, different ways to show summary statistics, and combined or hybrid visualizations. The basic concepts are illustrated for several examples of graph visualization under uncertainty. Finally, this review paper discusses implications for the visualization of biological data and future research directions.}, author = {Weiskopf, Daniel}, doi = {10.3389/fbinf.2022.793819}, issn = {2673-7647}, journal = {Frontiers in Bioinformatics}, title = {Uncertainty Visualization: Concepts, Methods, and Applications in Biological Data Visualization}, url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fbinf.2022.793819}, volume = 2, year = 2022 }
  Link
  https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fbinf.2022.793819
8. Munz, Tanja ; Väth, Dirk ; Kuznecov, Paul ; Vu, Ngoc Thang ; Weiskopf, Daniel: Visualization-based improvement of neural machine translation. In: Computers & Graphics, Computers & Graphics. Bd. 103 (2022), S. 45–60
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  @article{munz2022nmtvis, abstract = {We introduce a novel visual-interactive approach for analyzing, understanding, and correcting neural machine translation. Our system supports users in automatically translating documents using neural machine translation and identifying and correcting possible erroneous translations. User corrections can then be used to fine-tune the neural machine translation model and automatically improve the whole document. While translation results of neural machine translation can be impressive, there are still many challenges such as over- and under-translation, domain-specific terminology, and handling long sentences, making it necessary for users to verify translation results. Our system aims at supporting users in this task. Our visual analytics approach combines several visualization techniques in an interactive system. A parallel coordinates plot with multiple metrics related to translation quality can be used to find, filter, and select translations that might contain errors. An interactive beam search visualization and graph- or matrix-based visualizations for attention weights can be used for post-editing and understanding machine-generated translations. The machine translation model is updated from user corrections to improve the translation quality of the whole document. We designed our approach for an LSTM-based translation model and extended it to also include the Transformer architecture. We show for representative examples possible mistranslations and how to use our system to deal with them. A user study revealed that many participants favor such a system over manual text-based translation, especially for translating large documents. Furthermore, we performed quantitative computer-based experiments that show that our system can be used to improve translation quality and reduce post-editing efforts for domain-specific documents.}, author = {Munz, Tanja and Väth, Dirk and Kuznecov, Paul and Vu, Ngoc Thang and Weiskopf, Daniel}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cag.2021.12.003}, issn = {0097-8493}, journal = {Computers & Graphics}, pages = {45-60}, title = {Visualization-based improvement of neural machine translation}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0097849321002594}, volume = 103, year = 2022 }
  Link
  https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0097849321002594
9. Hägele, David ; Schulz, Christoph ; Beschle, Cedric ; Booth, Hannah ; Butt, Miriam ; Barth, Andrea ; Deussen, Oliver ; Weiskopf, Daniel: Uncertainty Visualization: Fundamentals and Recent Developments. In: it - Information Technology, it - Information Technology. Bd. 64 (2022), Nr. 4–5, S. 121–132
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  @article{haegeleIt2022, abstract = {This paper provides a brief overview of uncertainty visualization along with some fundamental considerations on uncertainty propagation and modeling. Starting from the visualization pipeline, we discuss how the different stages along this pipeline can be affected by uncertainty and how they can deal with this and propagate uncertainty information to subsequent processing steps. We illustrate recent advances in the field with a number of examples from a wide range of applications: uncertainty visualization of hierarchical data, multivariate time series, stochastic partial differential equations, and data from linguistic annotation.}, author = {H\"agele, David and Schulz, Christoph and Beschle, Cedric and Booth, Hannah and Butt, Miriam and Barth, Andrea and Deussen, Oliver and Weiskopf, Daniel}, doi = {10.1515/itit-2022-0033}, journal = {it - Information Technology}, number = {4–5}, pages = {121–132}, title = {Uncertainty Visualization: Fundamentals and Recent Developments}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1515/itit-2022-0033}, volume = 64, year = 2022 }
  Link
  https://doi.org/10.1515/itit-2022-0033
10. Wang, Yao ; Koch, Maurice ; Bâce, Mihai ; Weiskopf, Daniel ; Bulling, Andreas: Impact of Gaze Uncertainty on AOIs in Information Visualisations. In: 2022 Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications, 2022 Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications : ACM, 2022, S. 1–6
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  @inproceedings{wang2022impact, abstract = {Gaze-based analysis of areas of interest (AOI) is widely used in information visualisation research to understand how people explore visualisations or assess the quality of visualisations concerning key characteristics such as memorability. However, nearby AOIs in visualisations amplify the uncertainty caused by the gaze estimation error, which strongly influences the mapping between gaze samples or fixations and different AOIs. We contribute a novel investigation into gaze uncertainty and quantify its impact on AOI-based analysis on visualisations using two novel metrics: the Flipping Candidate Rate (FCR) and Hit Any AOI Rate (HAAR). Our analysis of 40 real-world visualisations, including human gaze and AOI annotations, shows that uncertainty commonly appears in visualisations, which significantly impacts the analysis conducted in AOI-based studies. Moreover, we analysed four visualisation types and found that bar and scatter plots are commonly designed in a way that causes more uncertainty than line and pie plots in gaze-based analysis.}, author = {Wang, Yao and Koch, Maurice and B{\^a}ce, Mihai and Weiskopf, Daniel and Bulling, Andreas}, booktitle = {2022 Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications}, doi = {10.1145/3517031.3531166}, month = {06}, pages = {1–6}, publisher = {ACM}, title = {Impact of Gaze Uncertainty on AOIs in Information Visualisations}, url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3517031.3531166}, year = 2022 }
  Link
  https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3517031.3531166
11. Rodrigues, Nils ; Schulz, Christoph ; Doring, Soren ; Baumgartner, Daniel ; Krake, Tim ; Weiskopf, Daniel: Relaxed Dot Plots: Faithful Visualization of Samples and Their Distribution. In: IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics. (2022), S. 59:1-59:7
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  @article{9904443, abstract = {We introduce relaxed dot plots as an improvement of nonlinear dot plots for unit visualization. Our plots produce more faithful data representations and reduce moire´ effects. Their contour is based on a customized kernel frequency estimation to match the shape of the distribution of underlying data values. Previous nonlinear layouts introduce column-centric nonlinear scaling of dot diameters for visualization of high-dynamic-range data with high peaks. We provide a mathematical approach to convert that column-centric scaling to our smooth envelope shape. This formalism allows us to use linear, root, and logarithmic scaling to find ideal dot sizes. Our method iteratively relaxes the dot layout for more correct and aesthetically pleasing results. To achieve this, we modified Lloyd's algorithm with additional constraints and heuristics. We evaluate the layouts of relaxed dot plots against a previously existing nonlinear variant and show that our algorithm produces less error regarding the underlying data while establishing the blue noise property that works against moire´ effects. Further, we analyze the readability of our relaxed plots in three crowd-sourced experiments. The results indicate that our proposed technique surpasses traditional dot plots.}, author = {Rodrigues, Nils and Schulz, Christoph and Doring, Soren and Baumgartner, Daniel and Krake, Tim and Weiskopf, Daniel}, doi = {10.1109/TVCG.2022.3209429}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics}, pages = {59:1-59:7}, title = {Relaxed Dot Plots: Faithful Visualization of Samples and Their Distribution}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2022.3209429}, year = 2022 }
  Link
  https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2022.3209429
12. Klötzl, Daniel ; Krake, Tim ; Zhou, Youjia ; Stober, Jonathan ; Schulte, Kathrin ; Hotz, Ingrid ; Wang, Bei ; Weiskopf, Daniel: Reduced Connectivity for Local Bilinear Jacobi Sets. In: : IEEE, 2022 — ISBN 978-1-6654-9354-3, S. 39–48
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  @inproceedings{klotzl2022reduced, abstract = {We present a new topological connection method for the local bilinear computation of Jacobi sets that improves the visual representation while preserving the topological structure and geometric configuration. To this end, the topological structure of the local bilinear method is utilized, which is given by the nerve complex of the traditional piecewise linear method. Since the nerve complex consists of higher-dimensional simplices, the local bilinear method (visually represented by the 1-skeleton of the nerve complex) leads to clutter via crossings of line segments. Therefore, we propose a homotopy-equivalent representation that uses different collapses and edge contractions to remove such artifacts. Our new connectivity method is easy to implement, comes with only little overhead, and results in a less cluttered representation.}, author = {Klötzl, Daniel and Krake, Tim and Zhou, Youjia and Stober, Jonathan and Schulte, Kathrin and Hotz, Ingrid and Wang, Bei and Weiskopf, Daniel}, doi = {10.1109/TopoInVis57755.2022.00011}, eventdate = {17 Oct. 2022}, isbn = {978-1-6654-9354-3}, pages = {39-48}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Reduced Connectivity for Local Bilinear Jacobi Sets}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/TopoInVis57755.2022.00011}, venue = {Oklahoma City, OK, USA}, year = 2022 }
  Link
  https://doi.org/10.1109/TopoInVis57755.2022.00011
13. Krake, Tim ; Bruhn, Andrés ; Eberhardt, Bernhard ; Weiskopf, Daniel: Efficient and Robust Background Modeling with Dynamic Mode Decomposition. In: Journal of Mathematical Imaging and Vision (2022), Journal of Mathematical Imaging and Vision (2022). (2022)
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  @article{krake2022efficient, abstract = {A large number of modern video background modeling algorithms deal with computational costly minimization problems that often need parameter adjustments. While in most cases spatial and temporal constraints are added artificially to the minimization process, our approach is to exploit Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD), a spectral decomposition technique that naturally extracts spatio-temporal patterns from data. Applied to video data, DMD can compute background models. However, the original DMD algorithm for background modeling is neither efficient nor robust. In this paper, we present an equivalent reformulation with constraints leading to a more suitable decomposition into fore- and background. Due to the reformulation, which uses sparse and low-dimensional structures, an efficient and robust algorithm is derived that computes accurate background models. Moreover, we show how our approach can be extended to RGB data, data with periodic parts, and streaming data enabling a versatile use.}, author = {Krake, Tim and Bruhn, Andrés and Eberhardt, Bernhard and Weiskopf, Daniel}, doi = {10.1007/s10851-022-01068-0}, journal = {Journal of Mathematical Imaging and Vision (2022)}, title = {Efficient and Robust Background Modeling with Dynamic Mode Decomposition}, url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10851-022-01068-0}, year = 2022 }
  Link
  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10851-022-01068-0
14. Dosdall, Sarah ; Angerbauer, Katrin ; Merino, Leonel ; Sedlmair, Michael ; Weiskopf, Daniel: Toward In-Situ Authoring of Situated Visualization with Chorded Keyboards. In: Burch, M. ; Wallner, G. ; Limberger, D. (Hrsg.) ; Burch, M. ; Wallner, G. ; Limberger, D. (Hrsg.): VINCI ’22: Proceedings of the 15th International Symposium on Visual Information Communication and Interaction, VINCI ’22: Proceedings of the 15th International Symposium on Visual Information Communication and Interaction : ACM, 2022, S. 1–5
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  @inproceedings{DosdallAMSW22, abstract = {Authoring situated visualizations in-situ is challenging due to the need of writing code in a mobile and highly dynamic fashion. To provide better support for that, we define requirements for text input methods that target situated visualization authoring. We identify wearable chorded keyboards as a potentially suitable method that fulfills some of these requirements. To further investigate this approach, we tailored a chorded keyboard device to visualization authoring, developed a learning application, and conducted a pilot user study. Our results confirm that learning a high number of chords is the main barrier for adoption, as in other application areas. Based on that, we discuss ideas on how chorded keyboards with a strongly reduced alphabet, hand gestures, and voice recognition might be used as a viable, multi-modal support for authoring situated visualizations in-situ.}, author = {Dosdall, Sarah and Angerbauer, Katrin and Merino, Leonel and Sedlmair, Michael and Weiskopf, Daniel}, booktitle = {VINCI '22: Proceedings of the 15th International Symposium on Visual Information Communication and Interaction}, doi = {10.1145/3554944.3554970}, editor = {Burch, Michael and Wallner, G{\"{u}}nter and Limberger, Daniel}, month = {08}, number = 14, pages = {1-5}, publisher = {{ACM}}, title = {Toward In-Situ Authoring of Situated Visualization with Chorded Keyboards}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3554944.3554970}, year = 2022 }
  Link
  https://doi.org/10.1145/3554944.3554970
15. Garkov, Dimitar ; Müller, Christoph ; Braun, Matthias ; Weiskopf, Daniel ; Schreiber, Falk: Research Data Curation in Visualization: Position Paper. In: Sedlmair, M. (Hrsg.) ; Sedlmair, M. (Hrsg.): Proceedings of the Ninth Workshop on Evaluation and BEyond - methodoLogIcal approaches for Visualization (BELIV), Proceedings of the Ninth Workshop on Evaluation and BEyond - methodoLogIcal approaches for Visualization (BELIV), 2022
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  @inproceedings{Garkov2022Resea-58871, abstract = {Research data curation is the act of carefully preparing research data and artifacts for sharing and long-term preservation. Research data management is centrally implemented and formally defined in a data management plan to enable data curation. In tandem, data curation and management facilitate research repeatability. In contrast to other research fields, data curation and management in visualization are not yet part of the researcher’s compendium. In this position paper, we discuss the unique challenges visualization faces and propose how data curation can be practically realized. We share eight lessons learned in managing data in two large research consortia, outline the larger curation workflow, and define the typical roles. We complement our lessons with minimum criteria for selecting a suitable data repository and five challenging scenarios that occur in practice. We conclude with a vision of how the visualization research community can pave the way for new curation standards.}, author = {Garkov, Dimitar and Müller, Christoph and Braun, Matthias and Weiskopf, Daniel and Schreiber, Falk}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth Workshop on Evaluation and BEyond - methodoLogIcal approaches for Visualization (BELIV)}, editor = {Sedlmair, Michael}, title = {Research Data Curation in Visualization: Position Paper}, year = 2022 }
16. Abdelaal, Moataz ; Schiele, Nathan Daniel ; Angerbauer, Katrin ; Kurzhals, Kuno ; Sedlmair, Michael ; Weiskopf, Daniel: Supplemental Materials for: Comparative Evaluation of Bipartite, Node-Link, and Matrix-Based Network Representations, DaRUS (2022)
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  @misc{https://doi.org/10.18419/darus-3100, author = {Abdelaal, Moataz and Schiele, Nathan Daniel and Angerbauer, Katrin and Kurzhals, Kuno and Sedlmair, Michael and Weiskopf, Daniel}, doi = {10.18419/DARUS-3100}, publisher = {DaRUS}, title = {Supplemental Materials for: Comparative Evaluation of Bipartite, Node-Link, and Matrix-Based Network Representations}, url = {https://darus.uni-stuttgart.de/citation?persistentId=doi:10.18419/darus-3100}, year = 2022 }
  Link
  https://darus.uni-stuttgart.de/citation?persistentId=doi:10.18419/darus-3100
17. Müller, Christoph ; Heinemann, Moritz ; Weiskopf, Daniel ; Ertl, Thomas: Power Overwhelming: Quantifying the Energy Cost of Visualisation. In: Proceedings of the 2022 IEEE Workshop on Evaluation and Beyond - Methodological Approaches for Visualization, Proceedings of the 2022 IEEE Workshop on Evaluation and Beyond - Methodological Approaches for Visualization, 2022, S. 38–46
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  @conference{mueller2022power, author = {Müller, Christoph and Heinemann, Moritz and Weiskopf, Daniel and Ertl, Thomas}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2022 IEEE Workshop on Evaluation and Beyond - Methodological Approaches for Visualization}, doi = {10.1109/BELIV57783.2022.00009}, pages = {38-46}, title = {Power Overwhelming: Quantifying the Energy Cost of Visualisation}, year = 2022 }
18. Richer, Gaëlle ; Pister, Alexis ; Abdelaal, Moataz ; Fekete, Jean-Daniel ; Sedlmair, Michael ; Weiskopf, Daniel: Scalability in Visualization. In: IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics. (2022), S. 1–15
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  @article{10003102, abstract = {We introduce a conceptual model for scalability designed for visualization research. With this model, we systematically analyze over 120 visualization publications from 1990 to 2020 to characterize the different notions of scalability in these works. While many papers have addressed scalability issues, our survey identifies a lack of consistency in the use of the term in the visualization research community. We address this issue by introducing a consistent terminology meant to help visualization researchers better characterize the scalability aspects in their research. It also helps in providing multiple methods for supporting the claim that a work is “scalable.” Our model is centered around an effort function with inputs and outputs. The inputs are the problem size and resources, whereas the outputs are the actual efforts, for instance, in terms of computational run time or visual clutter. We select representative examples to illustrate different approaches and facets of what scalability can mean in visualization literature. Finally, targeting the diverse crowd of visualization researchers without a scalability tradition, we provide a set of recommendations for how scalability can be presented in a clear and consistent way to improve fair comparison between visualization techniques and systems and foster reproducibility.}, author = {Richer, Gaëlle and Pister, Alexis and Abdelaal, Moataz and Fekete, Jean-Daniel and Sedlmair, Michael and Weiskopf, Daniel}, doi = {10.1109/TVCG.2022.3231230}, issn = {1941-0506}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics}, pages = {1-15}, title = {Scalability in Visualization}, year = 2022 }
19. Rodrigues, Nils ; Shao, Lin ; Yan, Jia Jun ; Schreck, Tobias ; Weiskopf, Daniel: Eye Gaze on Scatterplot: Concept and First Results of Recommendations for Exploration of SPLOMs Using Implicit Data Selection. In: 2022 Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications, 2022 Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications. Seattle, WA, USA : Association for Computing Machinery, 2022 — ISBN 9781450392525, S. 59:1-59:7
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  @inproceedings{10.1145/3517031.3531165, abstract = {We propose a three-step concept and visual design for supporting the visual exploration of high-dimensional data in scatterplots through eye-tracking. First, we extract subsets in the underlying data using existing classifications, automated clustering algorithms, or eye-tracking. For the latter, we map gaze to the underlying data dimensions in the scatterplot. Clusters of data points that have been the focus of the viewers’ gaze are marked as clusters of interest (eye-mind hypothesis). In a second step, our concept extracts various properties from statistics and scagnostics from the clusters. The third step uses these measures to compare the current data clusters from the main scatterplot to the same data in other dimensions. The results enable analysts to retrieve similar or dissimilar views as guidance to explore the entire data set. We provide a proof-of-concept implementation as a test bench and describe a use case to show a practical application and initial results.}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, articleno = {59}, author = {Rodrigues, Nils and Shao, Lin and Yan, Jia Jun and Schreck, Tobias and Weiskopf, Daniel}, booktitle = {2022 Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications}, doi = {10.1145/3517031.3531165}, isbn = {9781450392525}, location = {Seattle, WA, USA}, numpages = {7}, pages = {59:1-59:7}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, series = {ETRA '22}, title = {Eye Gaze on Scatterplot: Concept and First Results of Recommendations for Exploration of SPLOMs Using Implicit Data Selection}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3517031.3531165}, year = 2022 }
  Link
  https://doi.org/10.1145/3517031.3531165
20. Chiossi, Francesco ; Zagermann, Johannes ; Karolus, Jakob ; Rodrigues, Nils ; Balestrucci, Priscilla ; Weiskopf, Daniel ; Ehinger, Benedikt ; Feuchtner, Tiare ; u. a.: Adapting visualizations and interfaces to the user. In: it - Information Technology, it - Information Technology. Bd. 64 (2022), Nr. 4–5, S. 133–143
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  @article{ChiossiZagermannKarolusRodriguesBalestrucciWeiskopfEhingerFeuchtnerReitererChuangErnstBullingMayerSchmidt+2022, abstract = {Adaptive visualization and interfaces pervade our everyday tasks to improve interaction from the point of view of user performance and experience. This approach allows using several user inputs, whether physiological, behavioral, qualitative, or multimodal combinations, to enhance the interaction. Due to the multitude of approaches, we outline the current research trends of inputs used to adapt visualizations and user interfaces. Moreover, we discuss methodological approaches used in mixed reality, physiological computing, visual analytics, and proficiency-aware systems. With this work, we provide an overview of the current research in adaptive systems.}, author = {Chiossi, Francesco and Zagermann, Johannes and Karolus, Jakob and Rodrigues, Nils and Balestrucci, Priscilla and Weiskopf, Daniel and Ehinger, Benedikt and Feuchtner, Tiare and Reiterer, Harald and Chuang, Lewis L. and Ernst, Marc and Bulling, Andreas and Mayer, Sven and Schmidt, Albrecht}, doi = {10.1515/itit-2022-0035}, journal = {it - Information Technology}, number = {4–5}, pages = {133–143}, title = {Adapting visualizations and interfaces to the user}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1515/itit-2022-0035}, volume = 64, year = 2022 }
  Link
  https://doi.org/10.1515/itit-2022-0035
21. Hägele, David ; Krake, Tim ; Weiskopf, Daniel: Uncertainty-Aware Multidimensional Scaling. In: IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics. Bd. 29 (2022), Nr. 1, S. 1–10
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  @article{haegele2023uamds, abstract = {We present an extension of multidimensional scaling (MDS) to uncertain data, facilitating uncertainty visualization of multidimensional data. Our approach uses local projection operators that map high-dimensional random vectors to low-dimensional space to formulate a generalized stress. In this way, our generic model supports arbitrary distributions and various stress types. We use our uncertainty-aware multidimensional scaling (UAMDS) concept to derive a formulation for the case of normally distributed random vectors and a squared stress. The resulting minimization problem is numerically solved via gradient descent. We complement UAMDS by additional visualization techniques that address the sensitivity and trustworthiness of dimensionality reduction under uncertainty. With several examples, we demonstrate the usefulness of our approach and the importance of uncertainty-aware techniques.}, author = {Hägele, David and Krake, Tim and Weiskopf, Daniel}, doi = {10.1109/TVCG.2022.3209420}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics}, number = 1, pages = {1-10}, title = {Uncertainty-Aware Multidimensional Scaling}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2022.3209420}, volume = 29, year = 2022 }
  Link
  https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2022.3209420
22. Becher, Michael ; Herr, Dominik ; Müller, Christoph ; Kurzhals, Kuno ; Reina, Guido ; Wagner, Lena ; Ertl, Thomas ; Weiskopf, Daniel: Situated Visual Analysis and Live Monitoring for Manufacturing. In: IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications. (2022), S. 1–1
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  @article{9732172, abstract = {Modern machines continuously log status reports over long periods of time, which are valuable data to optimize working routines. Data visualization is a commonly used tool to gain insights into these data, mostly in retrospective, e.g. to determine causal dependencies between faults of different machines. We present an approach to bring such visual analyses to the shop floor to support reacting to faults in real time. This approach combines combines spatio-temporal analyses of time series using a handheld touch device with augmented reality for live monitoring. Important information augments machines directly in their real-world context and detailed logs of current and historical events are displayed on the handheld device. In collaboration with an industry partner, we designed and tested our approach on a live production line to obtain feedback from operators. We compare our approach for monitoring and analysis with existing solutions that are currently deployed.}, author = {Becher, Michael and Herr, Dominik and Müller, Christoph and Kurzhals, Kuno and Reina, Guido and Wagner, Lena and Ertl, Thomas and Weiskopf, Daniel}, doi = {10.1109/MCG.2022.3157961}, issn = {1558-1756}, journal = {IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications}, pages = {1-1}, title = {Situated Visual Analysis and Live Monitoring for Manufacturing}, year = 2022 }
23. Abdelaal, Moataz ; Schiele, Nathan D. ; Angerbauer, Katrin ; Kurzhals, Kuno ; Sedlmair, Michael ; Weiskopf, Daniel: Comparative Evaluation of Bipartite, Node-Link, and Matrix-Based Network Representations. In: IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics. (2022), S. 1–11
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  @article{9908291, abstract = {This work investigates and compares the performance of node-link diagrams, adjacency matrices, and bipartite layouts for visualizing networks. In a crowd-sourced user study (n = 150), we measure the task accuracy and completion time of the three representations for different network classes and properties. In contrast to the literature, which covers mostly topology-based tasks (e.g., path finding) in small datasets, we mainly focus on overview tasks for large and directed networks. We consider three overview tasks on networks with 500 nodes: (T1) network class identification, (T2) cluster detection, and (T3) network density estimation, and two detailed tasks: (T4) node in-degree vs. out-degree and (T5) representation mapping, on networks with 50 and 20 nodes, respectively. Our results show that bipartite layouts are beneficial for revealing the overall network structure, while adjacency matrices are most reliable across the different tasks.}, author = {Abdelaal, Moataz and Schiele, Nathan D. and Angerbauer, Katrin and Kurzhals, Kuno and Sedlmair, Michael and Weiskopf, Daniel}, doi = {10.1109/TVCG.2022.3209427}, issn = {1941-0506}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics}, pages = {1-11}, title = {Comparative Evaluation of Bipartite, Node-Link, and Matrix-Based Network Representations}, year = 2022 }
2021
1. Bian, R. ; Xue, Y. ; Zhou, L. ; Zhang, J. ; Chen, B. ; Weiskopf, D. ; Wang, Y.: Implicit Multidimensional Projection of Local Subspaces. In: IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics. Bd. 27 (2021), Nr. 2, S. 1558–1568
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  @article{9222353, abstract = {We propose a visualization method to understand the effect of multidimensional projection on local subspaces, using implicit function differentiation. Here, we understand the local subspace as the multidimensional local neighborhood of data points. Existing methods focus on the projection of multidimensional data points, and the neighborhood information is ignored. Our method is able to analyze the shape and directional information of the local subspace to gain more insights into the global structure of the data through the perception of local structures. Local subspaces are fitted by multidimensional ellipses that are spanned by basis vectors. An accurate and efficient vector transformation method is proposed based on analytical differentiation of multidimensional projections formulated as implicit functions. The results are visualized as glyphs and analyzed using a full set of specifically-designed interactions supported in our efficient web-based visualization tool. The usefulness of our method is demonstrated using various multi- and high-dimensional benchmark datasets. Our implicit differentiation vector transformation is evaluated through numerical comparisons; the overall method is evaluated through exploration examples and use cases.}, author = {{Bian}, R. and {Xue}, Y. and {Zhou}, L. and {Zhang}, J. and {Chen}, B. and {Weiskopf}, D. and {Wang}, Y.}, doi = {10.1109/TVCG.2020.3030368}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics}, number = 2, pages = {1558-1568}, title = {Implicit Multidimensional Projection of Local Subspaces}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2020.3030368}, volume = 27, year = 2021 }
  Link
  https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2020.3030368
2. Müller, Thomas ; Schulz, Christoph ; Weiskopf, Daniel: Adaptive Polygon Rendering for Interactive Visualization in the Schwarzschild Spacetime. In: European Journal of Physics, European Journal of Physics. Bd. 43, IOP Publishing (2021), Nr. 1, S. 015601
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  @article{M_ller_2021, abstract = {Interactive visualization is a valuable tool for introductory or advanced courses in general relativity as well as for public outreach to provide a deeper understanding of the visual implications due to curved spacetime. In particular, the extreme case of a black hole where the curvature becomes so strong that even light cannot escape, benefits from an interactive visualization where students can investigate the distortion effects by moving objects around. However, the most commonly used technique of four-dimensional general-relativistic ray tracing is still too slow for interactive frame rates. Therefore, we propose an efficient and adaptive polygon rendering method that takes light deflection and light travel time into account. An additional advantage of this method is that it provides a natural demonstration of how multiple images occur and how light travel time affects them. Finally, we present our method using three example scenes: a triangle passing behind a black hole, a sphere orbiting a black hole and an accretion disk with different inclination angles.}, author = {Müller, Thomas and Schulz, Christoph and Weiskopf, Daniel}, doi = {10.1088/1361-6404/ac2b36}, journal = {European Journal of Physics}, number = 1, pages = 015601, publisher = {{IOP} Publishing}, title = {Adaptive Polygon Rendering for Interactive Visualization in the Schwarzschild Spacetime}, url = {https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6404/ac2b36/meta}, volume = 43, year = 2021 }
  Link
  https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6404/ac2b36/meta
3. Schulz, Christoph ; Kwan, Kin Chung ; Becher, Michael ; Baumgartner, Daniel ; Reina, Guido ; Deussen, Oliver ; Weiskopf, Daniel: Multi-Class Inverted Stippling. In: ACM Trans. Graph., ACM Trans. Graph. Bd. 40. New York, NY, USA, Association for Computing Machinery (2021), Nr. 6
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  @article{10.1145/3478513.3480534, abstract = {We introduce inverted stippling, a method to mimic an inversion technique used by artists when performing stippling. To this end, we extend Linde-Buzo-Gray (LBG) stippling to multi-class LBG (MLBG) stippling with multiple layers. MLBG stippling couples the layers stochastically to optimize for per-layer and overall blue-noise properties. We propose a stipple-based filling method to generate solid color backgrounds for inverting areas. Our experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of MLBG in terms of reducing overlapping and intensity accuracy. In addition, we showcase MLBG with color stippling and dynamic multi-class blue-noise sampling, which is possible due to its support for temporal coherence.}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, articleno = {245}, author = {Schulz, Christoph and Kwan, Kin Chung and Becher, Michael and Baumgartner, Daniel and Reina, Guido and Deussen, Oliver and Weiskopf, Daniel}, doi = {10.1145/3478513.3480534}, issn = {0730-0301}, issue_date = {December 2021}, journal = {ACM Trans. Graph.}, month = {12}, number = 6, numpages = {12}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, title = {Multi-Class Inverted Stippling}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3478513.3480534}, volume = 40, year = 2021 }
  Link
  https://doi.org/10.1145/3478513.3480534
4. Hägele, David ; Abdelaal, Moataz ; Oguz, Ozgur S. ; Toussaint, Marc ; Weiskopf, Daniel: Visual analytics for nonlinear programming in robot motion planning. In: Journal of Visualization, Journal of Visualization. (2021)
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  @article{hagele2021visual, abstract = {Nonlinear programming is a complex methodology where a problem is mathematically expressed in terms of optimality while imposing constraints on feasibility. Such problems are formulated by humans and solved by optimization algorithms. We support domain experts in their challenging tasks of understanding and troubleshooting optimization runs of intricate and high-dimensional nonlinear programs through a visual analytics system. The system was designed for our collaborators’ robot motion planning problems, but is domain agnostic in most parts of the visualizations. It allows for an exploration of the iterative solving process of a nonlinear program through several linked views of the computational process. We give insights into this design study, demonstrate our system for selected real-world cases, and discuss the extension of visualization and visual analytics methods for nonlinear programming.}, author = {Hägele, David and Abdelaal, Moataz and Oguz, Ozgur S. and Toussaint, Marc and Weiskopf, Daniel}, doi = {10.1007/s12650-021-00786-8}, issn = {18758975}, journal = {Journal of Visualization}, refid = {Hägele2021}, title = {Visual analytics for nonlinear programming in robot motion planning}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s12650-021-00786-8}, year = 2021 }
  Link
  https://doi.org/10.1007/s12650-021-00786-8
5. Garcia, Rafael ; Munz, Tanja ; Weiskopf, Daniel: Visual analytics tool for the interpretation of hidden states in recurrent neural networks. In: Visual Computing for Industry, Biomedicine, and Art, Visual Computing for Industry, Biomedicine, and Art. Bd. 4 (2021), Nr. 24
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  @article{vciba2021hiddenStates, abstract = {In this paper, we introduce a visual analytics approach aimed at helping machine learning experts analyze the hidden states of layers in recurrent neural networks. Our technique allows the user to interactively inspect how hidden states store and process information throughout the feeding of an input sequence into the network. The technique can help answer questions, such as which parts of the input data have a higher impact on the prediction and how the model correlates each hidden state configuration with a certain output. Our visual analytics approach comprises several components: First, our input visualization shows the input sequence and how it relates to the output (using color coding). In addition, hidden states are visualized through a nonlinear projection into a 2-D visualization space using t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding to understand the shape of the space of the hidden states. Trajectories are also employed to show the details of the evolution of the hidden state configurations. Finally, a time-multi-class heatmap matrix visualizes the evolution of the expected predictions for multi-class classifiers, and a histogram indicates the distances between the hidden states within the original space. The different visualizations are shown simultaneously in multiple views and support brushing-and-linking to facilitate the analysis of the classifications and debugging for misclassified input sequences. To demonstrate the capability of our approach, we discuss two typical use cases for long short-term memory models applied to two widely used natural language processing datasets.}, author = {Garcia, Rafael and Munz, Tanja and Weiskopf, Daniel}, doi = {10.1186/s42492-021-00090-0}, issn = {25244442}, journal = {Visual Computing for Industry, Biomedicine, and Art}, number = 24, refid = {Garcia2021}, title = {Visual analytics tool for the interpretation of hidden states in recurrent neural networks}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s42492-021-00090-0}, volume = 4, year = 2021 }
  Link
  https://doi.org/10.1186/s42492-021-00090-0
6. Zhou, L. ; Johnson, C. R. ; Weiskopf, D.: Data-Driven Space-Filling Curves. In: IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics. Bd. 27 (2021), Nr. 2, S. 1591–1600
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  @article{9222374, abstract = {We propose a data-driven space-filling curve method for 2D and 3D visualization. Our flexible curve traverses the data elements in the spatial domain in a way that the resulting linearization better preserves features in space compared to existing methods. We achieve such data coherency by calculating a Hamiltonian path that approximately minimizes an objective function that describes the similarity of data values and location coherency in a neighborhood. Our extended variant even supports multiscale data via quadtrees and octrees. Our method is useful in many areas of visualization including multivariate or comparative visualization ensemble visualization of 2D and 3D data on regular grids or multiscale visual analysis of particle simulations. The effectiveness of our method is evaluated with numerical comparisons to existing techniques and through examples of ensemble and multivariate datasets.}, author = {{Zhou}, L. and {Johnson}, C. R. and {Weiskopf}, D.}, doi = {10.1109/TVCG.2020.3030473}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics}, number = 2, pages = {1591-1600}, title = {Data-Driven Space-Filling Curves}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2020.3030473}, volume = 27, year = 2021 }
  Link
  https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2020.3030473
7. Krake, Tim ; Reinhardt, Stefan ; Hlawatsch, Marcel ; Eberhardt, Bernhard ; Weiskopf, Daniel: Visualization and Selection of Dynamic Mode Decomposition Components for Unsteady Flow. In: Visual Informatics, Visual Informatics. Bd. 5 (2021), Nr. 3, S. 15–27
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  @article{krake2020visualization, abstract = {Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD) is a data-driven and model-free decomposition technique. It is suitable for revealing spatio-temporal features of both numerically and experimentally acquired data. Conceptually, DMD performs a low-dimensional spectral decomposition of the data into the following components: the modes, called DMD modes, encode the spatial contribution of the decomposition, whereas the DMD amplitudes specify their impact. Each associated eigenvalue, referred to as DMD eigenvalue, characterizes the frequency and growth rate of the DMD mode. In this paper, we demonstrate how the components of DMD can be utilized to obtain temporal and spatial information from time-dependent flow fields. We begin with the theoretical background of DMD and its application to unsteady flow. Next, we examine the conventional process with DMD mathematically and put it in relationship to the discrete Fourier transform. Our analysis shows that the current use of DMD components has several drawbacks. To resolve these problems we adjust the components and provide new and meaningful insights into the decomposition: we show that our improved components capture the spatio-temporal patterns of the flow better. Moreover, we remove redundancies in the decomposition and clarify the interplay between components, allowing users to understand the impact of components. These new representations, which respect the spatio-temporal character of DMD, enable two clustering methods that segment the flow into physically relevant sections and can therefore be used for the selection of DMD components. With a number of typical examples, we demonstrate that the combination of these techniques allows new insights with DMD for unsteady flow.}, archiveprefix = {arXiv}, author = {Krake, Tim and Reinhardt, Stefan and Hlawatsch, Marcel and Eberhardt, Bernhard and Weiskopf, Daniel}, doi = {10.1016/j.visinf.2021.06.003}, eprint = {2012.09633}, journal = {Visual Informatics}, number = 3, pages = {15–27}, primaryclass = {physics.flu-dyn}, title = {Visualization and Selection of Dynamic Mode Decomposition Components for Unsteady Flow}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468502X21000309}, volume = 5, year = 2021 }
  Link
  https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468502X21000309
8. Burch, Michael ; Huang, Weidong ; Wakefield, Mathew ; Purchase, Helen C. ; Weiskopf, Daniel ; Hua, Jie: The State of the Art in Empirical User Evaluation of Graph Visualizations. In: IEEE Access, IEEE Access. Bd. 9 (2021), S. 4173–4198
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  @article{9309216, abstract = {While graph drawing focuses more on the aesthetic representation of node-link diagrams, graph visualization takes into account other visual metaphors making them useful for graph exploration tasks in information visualization and visual analytics. Although there are aesthetic graph drawing criteria that describe how a graph should be presented to make it faster and more reliably explorable, many controlled and uncontrolled empirical user studies flourished over the past years. The goal of them is to uncover how well the human user performs graph-specific tasks, in many cases compared to previously designed graph visualizations. Due to the fact that many parameters in a graph dataset as well as the visual representation of them might be varied and many user studies have been conducted in this space, a state-of-the-art survey is needed to understand evaluation results and findings to inform the future design, research, and application of graph visualizations. In this article, we classify the present literature on the topmost level into graph interpretation, graph memorability, and graph creation where the users with their tasks stand in focus of the evaluation, not the computational aspects. As another outcome of this work, we identify the white spots in this field and sketch ideas for future research directions.}, author = {Burch, Michael and Huang, Weidong and Wakefield, Mathew and Purchase, Helen C. and Weiskopf, Daniel and Hua, Jie}, doi = {10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3047616}, journal = {IEEE Access}, pages = {4173-4198}, title = {The State of the Art in Empirical User Evaluation of Graph Visualizations}, url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9309216}, volume = 9, year = 2021 }
  Link
  https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9309216
9. Armanious, Karim ; Abdulatif, Sherif ; Shi, Wenbin ; Salian, Shashank ; Küstner, Thomas ; Weiskopf, Daniel ; Hepp, Tobias ; Gatidis, Sergios ; u. a.: Age-Net: An MRI-Based Iterative Framework for Brain Biological Age Estimation. In: IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging. (2021), S. 1–1
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  @article{9380560, abstract = {The concept of biological age (BA) - although important in clinical practice - is hard to grasp mainly due to the lack of a clearly defined reference standard. For specific applications, especially in pediatrics, medical image data are used for BA estimation in a routine clinical context. Beyond this young age group, BA estimation is mostly restricted to whole-body assessment using non-imaging indicators such as blood biomarkers, genetic and cellular data. However, various organ systems may exhibit different aging characteristics due to lifestyle and genetic factors. Thus, a whole-body assessment of the BA does not reflect the deviations of aging behavior between organs. To this end, we propose a new imaging-based framework for organ-specific BA estimation. In this initial study we focus mainly on brain MRI. As a first step, we introduce a chronological age (CA) estimation framework using deep convolutional neural networks (Age-Net). We quantitatively assess the performance of this framework in comparison to existing state-of-the-art CA estimation approaches. Furthermore, we expand upon Age-Net with a novel iterative data-cleaning algorithm to segregate atypical-aging patients (BA ≉ CA) from the given population. We hypothesize that the remaining population should approximate the true BA behavior. We apply the proposed methodology on a brain magnetic resonance image (MRI) dataset containing healthy individuals as well as Alzheimer’s patients with different dementia ratings. We demonstrate the correlation between the predicted BAs and the expected cognitive deterioration in Alzheimer’s patients. A statistical and visualization-based analysis has provided evidence regarding the potential and current challenges of the proposed methodology.}, author = {Armanious, Karim and Abdulatif, Sherif and Shi, Wenbin and Salian, Shashank and Küstner, Thomas and Weiskopf, Daniel and Hepp, Tobias and Gatidis, Sergios and Yang, Bin}, doi = {10.1109/TMI.2021.3066857}, issn = {1558-254X}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging}, pages = {1-1}, title = {Age-Net: An MRI-Based Iterative Framework for Brain Biological Age Estimation}, url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9380560/}, year = 2021 }
  Link
  https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9380560/
10. Knippers, Jan ; Kropp, Cordula ; Menges, Achim ; Sawodny, Oliver ; Weiskopf, Daniel: Integratives computerbasiertes Planen und Bauen: Architektur digital neu denken. In: Bautechnik, Bautechnik. Bd. 98, Wiley (2021), Nr. 3, S. 194--207
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  @article{Knippers_2021, author = {Knippers, Jan and Kropp, Cordula and Menges, Achim and Sawodny, Oliver and Weiskopf, Daniel}, doi = {10.1002/bate.202000106}, journal = {Bautechnik}, month = {02}, number = 3, pages = {194--207}, publisher = {Wiley}, title = {Integratives computerbasiertes Planen und Bauen: Architektur digital neu denken}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fbate.202000106}, volume = 98, year = 2021 }
  Link
  https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fbate.202000106
11. Schatz, K. ; Müller, C. ; Gralka, P. ; Heinemann, M. ; Straub, A. ; Schulz, C. ; Braun, M. ; Rau, T. ; u. a.: 2019 IEEE Scientific Visualization Contest Winner: Visual Analysis of Structure Formation in Cosmic Evolution. In: IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications (CG&A), IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications (CG&A). Bd. 41 (2021), Nr. 06, S. 101–110
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  @article{9126163, abstract = {Simulations of cosmic evolution are a means to explain the formation of the universe as we see it today. The resulting data of such simulations comprise numerous physical quantities, which turns their analysis into a complex task. Here, we analyze such high-dimensional and time-varying particle data using various visualization techniques from the fields of particle visualization, flow visualization, volume visualization, and information visualization. Our approach employs specialized filters to extract and highlight the development of so-called active galactic nuclei and filament structures formed by the particles. Additionally, we calculate X-ray emission of the evolving structures in a pre-processing step to complement visual analysis. Our approach is integrated into a single visual analytics framework to allow for analysis of star formation at interactive frame rates. Finally, we lay out the methodological aspects of our work that led to success at the 2019 IEEE SciVis Contest.}, author = {Schatz, K. and Müller, C. and Gralka, P. and Heinemann, M. and Straub, A. and Schulz, C. and Braun, M. and Rau, T. and Becher, M. and Frey, S. and Reina, G. and Sedlmair, M. and Weiskopf, D. and Ertl, T. and Diehl, P. and Marcello, D. and Frank, J. and Müller, T.}, doi = {10.1109/MCG.2020.3004613}, issn = {1558-1756}, journal = {IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications (CG&A)}, month = {11}, number = 06, pages = {101-110}, title = {2019 IEEE Scientific Visualization Contest Winner: Visual Analysis of Structure Formation in Cosmic Evolution}, url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9126163}, volume = 41, year = 2021 }
  Link
  https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9126163
12. Cutura, Rene ; Morariu, Cristina ; Cheng, Zhanglin ; Wang, Yunhai ; Weiskopf, Daniel ; Sedlmair, Michael: Hagrid — Gridify Scatterplots with Hilbert and Gosper Curves. In: The 14th International Symposium on Visual Information Communication and Interaction, The 14th International Symposium on Visual Information Communication and Interaction. Potsdam, Germany : Association for Computing Machinery, 2021 — ISBN 9781450386470, S. 1:1—1:8
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  @inproceedings{10.1145/3481549.3481569, abstract = { A common enhancement of scatterplots represents points as small multiples, glyphs, or thumbnail images. As this encoding often results in overlaps, a general strategy is to alter the position of the data points, for instance, to a grid-like structure. Previous approaches rely on solving expensive optimization problems or on dividing the space that alter the global structure of the scatterplot. To find a good balance between efficiency and neighborhood and layout preservation, we propose Hagrid, a technique that uses space-filling curves (SFCs) to “gridify” a scatterplot without employing expensive collision detection and handling mechanisms. Using SFCs ensures that the points are plotted close to their original position, retaining approximately the same global structure. The resulting scatterplot is mapped onto a rectangular or hexagonal grid, using Hilbert and Gosper curves. We discuss and evaluate the theoretic runtime of our approach and quantitatively compare our approach to three state-of-the-art gridifying approaches, DGrid, Small multiples with gaps SMWG, and CorrelatedMultiples CMDS, in an evaluation comprising 339 scatterplots. Here, we compute several quality measures for neighborhood preservation together with an analysis of the actual runtimes. The main results show that, compared to the best other technique, Hagrid is faster by a factor of four, while achieving similar or even better quality of the gridified layout. Due to its computational efficiency, our approach also allows novel applications of gridifying approaches in interactive settings, such as removing local overlap upon hovering over a scatterplot.}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, articleno = {1}, author = {Cutura, Rene and Morariu, Cristina and Cheng, Zhanglin and Wang, Yunhai and Weiskopf, Daniel and Sedlmair, Michael}, booktitle = {The 14th International Symposium on Visual Information Communication and Interaction}, doi = {10.1145/3481549.3481569}, isbn = {9781450386470}, location = {Potsdam, Germany}, numpages = {8}, pages = {1:1—1:8}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, series = {VINCI 2021}, title = {Hagrid — Gridify Scatterplots with Hilbert and Gosper Curves}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3481549.3481569}, year = 2021 }
  Link
  https://doi.org/10.1145/3481549.3481569
13. Munz, Tanja ; Väth, Dirk ; Kuznecov, Paul ; Vu, Thang ; Weiskopf, Daniel: Visual-Interactive Neural Machine Translation. In: Graphics Interface 2021, Graphics Interface 2021, 2021
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  @inproceedings{gi2021nmtvis, author = {Munz, Tanja and Väth, Dirk and Kuznecov, Paul and Vu, Thang and Weiskopf, Daniel}, booktitle = {Graphics Interface 2021}, title = {Visual-Interactive Neural Machine Translation}, url = {https://openreview.net/forum?id=DQHaCvN9xd}, year = 2021 }
  Link
  https://openreview.net/forum?id=DQHaCvN9xd
2020
1. Kumar, Ayush ; Mohanty, Debesh ; Kurzhals, Kuno ; Beck, Fabian ; Weiskopf, Daniel ; Mueller, Klaus: Demo of the EyeSAC System for Visual Synchronization, Cleaning, and Annotation of Eye Movement Data. In: ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications, ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications. Stuttgart, Germany : Association for Computing Machinery, 2020 — ISBN 9781450371353
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  @inproceedings{10.1145/3379157.3391988, abstract = {Eye movement data analysis plays an important role in examining human cognitive processes and perceptions. Such analysis at times needs data recording from additional sources too during experiments. In this paper, we study a pair programming based collaboration using two eye trackers, stimulus recording, and an external camera recording. To analyze the collected data, we introduce the EyeSAC system that synchronizes the data from different sources and that removes the noisy and missing gazes from eye tracking data with the help of visual feedback from the external recording. The synchronized and cleaned data is further annotated using our system and then exported for further analysis.}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, articleno = {4}, author = {Kumar, Ayush and Mohanty, Debesh and Kurzhals, Kuno and Beck, Fabian and Weiskopf, Daniel and Mueller, Klaus}, booktitle = {ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications}, doi = {10.1145/3379157.3391988}, isbn = {9781450371353}, location = {Stuttgart, Germany}, numpages = {3}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, series = {ETRA '20 Adjunct}, title = {Demo of the EyeSAC System for Visual Synchronization, Cleaning, and Annotation of Eye Movement Data}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3379157.3391988}, year = 2020 }
  Link
  https://doi.org/10.1145/3379157.3391988
2. Hägele, David ; Abdelaal, Moataz ; Oguz, Ozgur S. ; Toussaint, Marc ; Weiskopf, Daniel: Visualization of Nonlinear Programming for Robot Motion Planning. In: Proceedings of the 13th International Symposium on Visual Information Communication and Interaction, Proceedings of the 13th International Symposium on Visual Information Communication and Interaction. Eindhoven, Netherlands : Association for Computing Machinery, 2020 — ISBN 9781450387507
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  @inproceedings{haegele2020nonlinear, abstract = {Nonlinear programming targets nonlinear optimization with constraints, which is a generic yet complex methodology involving humans for problem modeling and algorithms for problem solving. We address the particularly hard challenge of supporting domain experts in handling, understanding, and trouble-shooting high-dimensional optimization with a large number of constraints. Leveraging visual analytics, users are supported in exploring the computation process of nonlinear constraint optimization. Our system was designed for robot motion planning problems and developed in tight collaboration with domain experts in nonlinear programming and robotics. We report on the experiences from this design study, illustrate the usefulness for relevant example cases, and discuss the extension to visual analytics for nonlinear programming in general.}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, articleno = {10}, author = {Hägele, David and Abdelaal, Moataz and Oguz, Ozgur S. and Toussaint, Marc and Weiskopf, Daniel}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 13th International Symposium on Visual Information Communication and Interaction}, doi = {10.1145/3430036.3430050}, isbn = {9781450387507}, location = {Eindhoven, Netherlands}, numpages = {8}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, series = {VINCI '20}, title = {Visualization of Nonlinear Programming for Robot Motion Planning}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3430036.3430050}, year = 2020 }
  Link
  https://doi.org/10.1145/3430036.3430050
3. Brich, Nicolas ; Schulz, Christoph ; Peter, Jörg ; Klingert, Wilfried ; Schenk, Martin ; Weiskopf, Daniel ; Krone, Michael: Visual Analysis of Multivariate Intensive Care Surveillance Data. In: Kozlíková, B. ; Krone, M. ; Smit, N. ; Nieselt, K. ; Raidou, R. G. (Hrsg.) ; Kozlíková, B. ; Krone, M. ; Smit, N. ; Nieselt, K. ; Raidou, R. G. (Hrsg.): Eurographics Workshop on Visual Computing for Biology and Medicine, Eurographics Workshop on Visual Computing for Biology and Medicine : The Eurographics Association, 2020 — ISBN 978-3-03868-109-0
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  @inproceedings{Nicolas2020Visual, author = {Brich, Nicolas and Schulz, Christoph and Peter, Jörg and Klingert, Wilfried and Schenk, Martin and Weiskopf, Daniel and Krone, Michael}, booktitle = {Eurographics Workshop on Visual Computing for Biology and Medicine}, doi = {10.2312/vcbm.20201174}, editor = {Kozlíková, Barbora and Krone, Michael and Smit, Noeska and Nieselt, Kay and Raidou, Renata Georgia}, isbn = {978-3-03868-109-0}, issn = {2070-5786}, publisher = {The Eurographics Association}, title = {Visual Analysis of Multivariate Intensive Care Surveillance Data}, year = 2020 }
4. Öney, Seyda ; Rodrigues, Nils ; Becher, Michael ; Reina, Guido ; Ertl, Thomas ; Sedlmair, Michael ; Weiskopf, Daniel: Evaluation of Gaze Depth Estimation from Eye Tracking in Augmented Reality. In: Proceedings of the Symposium on Eye Tracking Research & Applications-Short Paper (ETRA-SP), Proceedings of the Symposium on Eye Tracking Research & Applications-Short Paper (ETRA-SP) : ACM, 2020, S. 49:1-49:5
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  @inproceedings{oney_evaluation_2020, abstract = {Gaze tracking in 3D has the potential to improve interaction with objects and visualizations in augmented reality. However, previous research showed that subjective perception of distance varies between real and virtual surroundings. We wanted to determine whether objectively measured 3D gaze depth through eye tracking also exhibits differences between entirely real and augmented environments. To this end, we conducted an experiment (N = 25) in which we used Microsoft HoloLens with a binocular eye tracking add-on from Pupil Labs. Participants performed a task that required them to look at stationary real and virtual objects while wearing a HoloLens device. We were not able to find significant differences in the gaze depth measured by eye tracking. Finally, we discuss our findings and their implications for gaze interaction in immersive analytics, and the quality of the collected gaze data.}, author = {Öney, Seyda and Rodrigues, Nils and Becher, Michael and Reina, Guido and Ertl, Thomas and Sedlmair, Michael and Weiskopf, Daniel}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Symposium on Eye Tracking Research & Applications-Short Paper (ETRA-SP)}, doi = {10.1145/3379156.3391835}, pages = {49:1-49:5}, publisher = {ACM}, title = {Evaluation of Gaze Depth Estimation from Eye Tracking in Augmented Reality}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3379156.3391835}, year = 2020 }
  Link
  https://doi.org/10.1145/3379156.3391835
5. Merino, Leonel ; Schwarzl, Magdalena ; Kraus, Matthias ; Sedlmair, Michael ; Schmalstieg, Dieter ; Weiskopf, Daniel: Evaluating Mixed and Augmented Reality: A Systematic Literature Review (2009 -- 2019). In: IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR), IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR), 2020
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  @inproceedings{merino2020ismar, abstract = {We present a systematic review of 45S papers that report on evaluations in mixed and augmented reality (MR/AR) published in ISMAR, CHI, IEEE VR, and UIST over a span of 11 years (2009-2019). Our goal is to provide guidance for future evaluations of MR/AR approaches. To this end, we characterize publications by paper type (e.g., technique, design study), research topic (e.g., tracking, rendering), evaluation scenario (e.g., algorithm performance, user performance), cognitive aspects (e.g., perception, emotion), and the context in which evaluations were conducted (e.g., lab vs. in-thewild). We found a strong coupling of types, topics, and scenarios. We observe two groups: (a) technology-centric performance evaluations of algorithms that focus on improving tracking, displays, reconstruction, rendering, and calibration, and (b) human-centric studies that analyze implications of applications and design, human factors on perception, usability, decision making, emotion, and attention. Amongst the 458 papers, we identified 248 user studies that involved 5,761 participants in total, of whom only 1,619 were identified as female. We identified 43 data collection methods used to analyze 10 cognitive aspects. We found nine objective methods, and eight methods that support qualitative analysis. A majority (216/248) of user studies are conducted in a laboratory setting. Often (138/248), such studies involve participants in a static way. However, we also found a fair number (30/248) of in-the-wild studies that involve participants in a mobile fashion. We consider this paper to be relevant to academia and industry alike in presenting the state-of-the-art and guiding the steps to designing, conducting, and analyzing results of evaluations in MR/AR.}, author = {Merino, Leonel and Schwarzl, Magdalena and Kraus, Matthias and Sedlmair, Michael and Schmalstieg, Dieter and Weiskopf, Daniel}, booktitle = {IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR)}, doi = {doi: 10.1109/ISMAR50242.2020.00069.}, title = {Evaluating Mixed and Augmented Reality: A Systematic Literature Review (2009 -- 2019)}, url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9284762}, year = 2020 }
  Link
  https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9284762
6. Heyen, Frank ; Munz, Tanja ; Neumann, Michael ; Ortega, Daniel ; Vu, Ngoc Thang ; Weiskopf, Daniel ; Sedlmair, Michael: ClaVis: An Interactive Visual Comparison System for Classifiers. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces (AVI), Proceedings of the International Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces (AVI) : ACM, 2020 — ISBN 9781450375351, S. 9:1-9:9
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  @inproceedings{10.1145/3399715.3399814, abstract = {We propose ClaVis, a visual analytics system for comparative analysis of classification models. ClaVis allows users to visually compare the performance and behavior of tens to hundreds of classifiers trained with different hyperparameter configurations. Our approach is plugin-based and classifier-agnostic and allows users to add their own datasets and classifier implementations. It provides multiple visualizations, including a multivariate ranking, a similarity map, a scatterplot that reveals correlations between parameters and scores, and a training history chart. We demonstrate the effectivity of our approach in multiple case studies for training classification models in the domain of natural language processing.}, author = {Heyen, Frank and Munz, Tanja and Neumann, Michael and Ortega, Daniel and Vu, Ngoc Thang and Weiskopf, Daniel and Sedlmair, Michael}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces (AVI)}, doi = {10.1145/3399715.3399814}, isbn = {9781450375351}, pages = {9:1-9:9}, publisher = {ACM}, series = {AVI '20}, title = {ClaVis: An Interactive Visual Comparison System for Classifiers}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3399715.3399814}, year = 2020 }
  Link
  https://doi.org/10.1145/3399715.3399814
7. Merino, Leonel ; Sotomayor-Gómez, Boris ; Yu, Xingyao ; Salgado, Ronie ; Bergel, Alexandre ; Sedlmair, Michael ; Weiskopf, Daniel: Toward Agile Situated Visualization: An Exploratory User Study. In: Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems-Extended Abstracts (CHI-EA), Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems-Extended Abstracts (CHI-EA), 2020 — ISBN 9781450368193, S. LBW087:1–LBW087:7
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  @inproceedings{10.1145/3334480.3383017, abstract = {We introduce AVAR, a prototypical implementation of an agile situated visualization (SV) toolkit targeting liveness, integration, and expressiveness. We report on results of an exploratory study with AVAR and seven expert users. In it, participants wore a Microsoft HoloLens device and used a Bluetooth keyboard to program a visualization script for a given dataset. To support our analysis, we (i) video recorded sessions, (ii) tracked users' interactions, and (iii) collected data of participants' impressions. Our prototype confirms that agile SV is feasible. That is, liveness boosted participants' engagement when programming an SV, and so, the sessions were highly interactive and participants were willing to spend much time using our toolkit (i.e., median ≥ 1.5 hours). Participants used our integrated toolkit to deal with data transformations, visual mappings, and view transformations without leaving the immersive environment. Finally, participants benefited from our expressive toolkit and employed multiple of the available features when programming an SV.}, author = {Merino, Leonel and Sotomayor-G\'{o}mez, Boris and Yu, Xingyao and Salgado, Ronie and Bergel, Alexandre and Sedlmair, Michael and Weiskopf, Daniel}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems-Extended Abstracts (CHI-EA)}, doi = {10.1145/3334480.3383017}, isbn = {9781450368193}, numpages = {7}, pages = {LBW087:1–LBW087:7}, title = {Toward Agile Situated Visualization: An Exploratory User Study}, url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3334480.3383017}, year = 2020 }
  Link
  https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3334480.3383017
8. Abdelaal, Moataz ; Lhuillier, Antoine ; Hlawatsch, Marcel ; Weiskopf, Daniel: Time-Aligned Edge Plots for Dynamic Graph Visualization. In: 2020 24th International Conference Information Visualisation (IV), 2020 24th International Conference Information Visualisation (IV), 2020
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  @conference{abdelaal2020timealigned, author = {Abdelaal, Moataz and Lhuillier, Antoine and Hlawatsch, Marcel and Weiskopf, Daniel}, booktitle = {2020 24th International Conference Information Visualisation (IV)}, doi = {10.1109/IV51561.2020.00048}, title = {Time-Aligned Edge Plots for Dynamic Graph Visualization}, year = 2020 }
9. Weiskopf, Daniel: Vis4Vis: Visualization for (Empirical) Visualization Research. In: Chen, M. ; Hauser, H. ; Rheingans, P. ; Scheuermann, G. (Hrsg.) ; Chen, M. ; Hauser, H. ; Rheingans, P. ; Scheuermann, G. (Hrsg.): Foundations of Data Visualization, Foundations of Data Visualization : Springer International Publishing, 2020 — ISBN 978-3-030-34444-3, S. 209--224
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  @inbook{Weiskopf2020, abstract = {Appropriate evaluation is a key component in visualization research. It is typically based on empirical studies that assess visualization components or complete systems. While such studies often include the user of the visualization, empirical research is not necessarily restricted to user studies but may also address the technical performance of a visualization system such as its computational speed or memory consumption. Any such empirical experiment faces the issue that the underlying visualization is becoming increasingly sophisticated, leading to an increasingly difficult evaluation in complex environments. Therefore, many of the established methods of empirical studies can no longer capture the full complexity of the evaluation. One promising solution is the use of data-rich observations that we can acquire during studies to obtain more reliable interpretations of empirical research. For example, we have been witnessing an increasing availability and use of physiological sensor information from eye tracking, electrodermal activity sensors, electroencephalography, etc. Other examples are various kinds of logs of user activities such as mouse, keyboard, or touch interaction. Such data-rich empirical studies promise to be especially useful for studies in the wild and similar scenarios outside of the controlled laboratory environment. However, with the growing availability of large, complex, time-dependent, heterogeneous, and unstructured observational data, we are facing the new challenge of how we can analyze such data. This challenge can be addressed by establishing the subfield of visualization for visualization (Vis4Vis): visualization as a means of analyzing and communicating data from empirical studies to advance visualization research.}, author = {Weiskopf, Daniel}, booktitle = {Foundations of Data Visualization}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-34444-3_10}, editor = {Chen, Min and Hauser, Helwig and Rheingans, Penny and Scheuermann, Gerik}, isbn = {978-3-030-34444-3}, pages = {209--224}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, title = {Vis4Vis: Visualization for (Empirical) Visualization Research}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34444-3_10}, year = 2020 }
  Link
  https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34444-3_10
10. Garcia, Rafael ; Weiskopf, Daniel: Inner-Process Visualization of Hidden States in Recurrent Neural Networks. In: Proceedings of the 13th International Symposium on Visual Information Communication and Interaction, Proceedings of the 13th International Symposium on Visual Information Communication and Interaction. Eindhoven, Netherlands : Association for Computing Machinery, 2020 — ISBN 9781450387507
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  @inproceedings{10.1145/3430036.3430047, abstract = {In this paper, we introduce a visualization technique aimed to help machine learning experts to analyze the hidden states of layers in recurrent neural networks (RNNs). Our technique allows the user to visually inspect how hidden states store and process information throughout the feeding of an input sequence into the network. It can answer questions such as which parts of the input data had a higher impact on the prediction and how the model correlates each hidden state configuration with a certain output. Our visualization comprises several components: our input visualization shows the input sequence and how it relates to the output (using color coding); hidden states are visualized by nonlinear projection to 2-D visualization space via t-SNE in order to understand the shape of the space of hidden states; time curves are employed to show the details of the evolution of hidden state configurations; and a time-multi-class heatmap matrix visualizes the evolution of expected predictions for multi-class classifiers. To demonstrate the capability of our approach, we discuss two typical use cases for long short-term memory (LSTM) models applied to two widely used natural language processing (NLP) datasets.}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, articleno = {20}, author = {Garcia, Rafael and Weiskopf, Daniel}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 13th International Symposium on Visual Information Communication and Interaction}, doi = {10.1145/3430036.3430047}, isbn = {9781450387507}, location = {Eindhoven, Netherlands}, numpages = {5}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, series = {VINCI '20}, title = {Inner-Process Visualization of Hidden States in Recurrent Neural Networks}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3430036.3430047}, year = 2020 }
  Link
  https://doi.org/10.1145/3430036.3430047
11. Kumar, Ayush ; Howlader, Prantik ; Garcia, Rafael ; Weiskopf, Daniel ; Mueller, Klaus: Challenges in Interpretability of Neural Networks for Eye Movement Data. In: ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications, ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications. Stuttgart, Germany : Association for Computing Machinery, 2020 — ISBN 9781450371346
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  @inproceedings{10.1145/3379156.3391361, abstract = {Many applications in eye tracking have been increasingly employing neural networks to solve machine learning tasks. In general, neural networks have achieved impressive results in many problems over the past few years, but they still suffer from the lack of interpretability due to their black-box behavior. While previous research on explainable AI has been able to provide high levels of interpretability for models in image classification and natural language processing tasks, little effort has been put into interpreting and understanding networks trained with eye movement datasets. This paper discusses the importance of developing interpretability methods specifically for these models. We characterize the main problems for interpreting neural networks with this type of data, how they differ from the problems faced in other domains, and why existing techniques are not sufficient to address all of these issues. We present preliminary experiments showing the limitations that current techniques have and how we can improve upon them. Finally, based on the evaluation of our experiments, we suggest future research directions that might lead to more interpretable and explainable neural networks for eye tracking.}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, articleno = {12}, author = {Kumar, Ayush and Howlader, Prantik and Garcia, Rafael and Weiskopf, Daniel and Mueller, Klaus}, booktitle = {ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications}, doi = {10.1145/3379156.3391361}, isbn = {9781450371346}, location = {Stuttgart, Germany}, numpages = {5}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, series = {ETRA '20 Short Papers}, title = {Challenges in Interpretability of Neural Networks for Eye Movement Data}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3379156.3391361}, year = 2020 }
  Link
  https://doi.org/10.1145/3379156.3391361
12. Rodrigues, Nils ; Schulz, Christoph ; Lhuillier, Antoine ; Weiskopf, Daniel: Cluster-Flow Parallel Coordinates: Tracing Clusters Across Subspaces. In: Proceedings of the Graphics Interface Conference (GI) (forthcoming), Proceedings of the Graphics Interface Conference (GI) (forthcoming), 2020, S. 0:1-0:11
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  @inproceedings{rodrigues2020clusterflow, abstract = {We present a novel variant of parallel coordinates plots (PCPs) in which we show clusters in 2D subspaces of multivariate data and emphasize flow between them. We achieve this by duplicating and stacking individual axes vertically. On a high level, our cluster-flow layout shows how data points move from one cluster to another in different subspaces. We achieve cluster-based bundling and limit plot growth through the reduction of available vertical space for each duplicated axis. Although we introduce space between clusters, we preserve the readability of intra-cluster correlations by starting and ending with the original slopes from regular PCPs and drawing Hermite spline segments in between. Moreover, our rendering technique enables the visualization of small and large data sets alike. Cluster-flow PCPs can even propagate the uncertainty inherent to fuzzy clustering through the layout and rendering stages of our pipeline. Our layout algorithm is based on A*. It achieves an optimal result with regard to a novel set of cost functions that allow us to arrange axes horizontally (dimension ordering) and vertically (cluster ordering).}, author = {Rodrigues, Nils and Schulz, Christoph and Lhuillier, Antoine and Weiskopf, Daniel}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Graphics Interface Conference (GI) (forthcoming)}, pages = {0:1-0:11}, title = {Cluster-Flow Parallel Coordinates: Tracing Clusters Across Subspaces}, url = {https://openreview.net/forum?id=oVHjlwLkl-}, year = 2020 }
  Link
  https://openreview.net/forum?id=oVHjlwLkl-
13. Pathmanathan, Nelusa ; Becher, Michael ; Rodrigues, Nils ; Reina, Guido ; Ertl, Thomas ; Weiskopf, Daniel ; Sedlmair, Michael: Eye vs. Head: Comparing Gaze Methods for Interaction in Augmented Reality. In: Proceedings of the Symposium on Eye Tracking Research & Applications (ETRA), Proceedings of the Symposium on Eye Tracking Research & Applications (ETRA). Stuttgart, Germany : ACM, 2020 — ISBN 9781450371346, S. 50:1-50:5
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  @inproceedings{10.1145/3379156.3391829, abstract = {Visualization in virtual 3D environments can provide a natural way for users to explore data. Often, arm and short head movements are required for interaction in augmented reality, which can be tiring and strenuous though. In an effort toward more user-friendly interaction, we developed a prototype that allows users to manipulate virtual objects using a combination of eye gaze and an external clicker device. Using this prototype, we performed a user study comparing four different input methods of which head gaze plus clicker was preferred by most participants.}, articleno = {50}, author = {Pathmanathan, Nelusa and Becher, Michael and Rodrigues, Nils and Reina, Guido and Ertl, Thomas and Weiskopf, Daniel and Sedlmair, Michael}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Symposium on Eye Tracking Research & Applications (ETRA)}, doi = {10.1145/3379156.3391829}, isbn = {9781450371346}, location = {Stuttgart, Germany}, numpages = {5}, pages = {50:1-50:5}, publisher = {ACM}, title = {Eye vs. Head: Comparing Gaze Methods for Interaction in Augmented Reality}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3379156.3391829}, year = 2020 }
  Link
  https://doi.org/10.1145/3379156.3391829
14. Munz, Tanja ; Schäfer, Noel ; Blascheck, Tanja ; Kurzhals, Kuno ; Zhang, Eugene ; Weiskopf, Daniel: Comparative Visual Gaze Analysis for Virtual Board Games. In: The 13th International Symposium on Visual Information Communication and Interaction (VINCI 2020), The 13th International Symposium on Visual Information Communication and Interaction (VINCI 2020). (2020)
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  @article{vinci2020boardGames, author = {Munz, Tanja and Schäfer, Noel and Blascheck, Tanja and Kurzhals, Kuno and Zhang, Eugene and Weiskopf, Daniel}, doi = {10.1145/3430036.3430038}, journal = {The 13th International Symposium on Visual Information Communication and Interaction (VINCI 2020)}, title = {Comparative Visual Gaze Analysis for Virtual Board Games}, year = 2020 }
15. Balestrucci, Priscilla ; Angerbauer, Katrin ; Morariu, Cristina ; Welsch, Robin ; Chuang, Lewis L ; Weiskopf, Daniel ; Ernst, Marc O ; Sedlmair, Michael: Pipelines Bent, Pipelines Broken: Interdisciplinary Self-Reflection on the Impact of COVID-19 on Current and Future Research (Position Paper). In: 2020 IEEE Workshop on Evaluation and Beyond-Methodological Approaches to Visualization (BELIV), 2020 IEEE Workshop on Evaluation and Beyond-Methodological Approaches to Visualization (BELIV) : IEEE, 2020, S. 11--18
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  @inproceedings{balestrucci2020pipelines, abstract = {Among the many changes brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic, one of the most pressing for scientific research concerns user testing. For the researchers who conduct studies with human participants, the requirements for social distancing have created a need for reflecting on methodologies that previously seemed relatively straightforward. It has become clear from the emerging literature on the topic and from first-hand experiences of researchers that the restrictions due to the pandemic affect every aspect of the research pipeline. The current paper offers an initial reflection on user-based research, drawing on the authors' own experiences and on the results of a survey that was conducted among researchers in different disciplines, primarily psychology, human-computer interaction (HCI), and visualization communities. While this sampling of researchers is by no means comprehensive, the multi-disciplinary approach and the consideration of different aspects of the research pipeline allow us to examine current and future challenges for user-based research. Through an exploration of these issues, this paper also invites others in the VIS-as well as in the wider-research community, to reflect on and discuss the ways in which the current crisis might also present new and previously unexplored opportunities.}, author = {Balestrucci, Priscilla and Angerbauer, Katrin and Morariu, Cristina and Welsch, Robin and Chuang, Lewis L and Weiskopf, Daniel and Ernst, Marc O and Sedlmair, Michael}, booktitle = {2020 IEEE Workshop on Evaluation and Beyond-Methodological Approaches to Visualization (BELIV)}, doi = {10.1109/BELIV51497.2020.00009}, organization = {IEEE}, pages = {11--18}, title = {Pipelines Bent, Pipelines Broken: Interdisciplinary Self-Reflection on the Impact of COVID-19 on Current and Future Research (Position Paper)}, url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9307759}, year = 2020 }
  Link
  https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9307759
16. Kurzhals, Kuno ; Burch, Michael ; Weiskopf, Daniel: What We See and What We Get from Visualization: Eye Tracking Beyond Gaze Distributions and Scanpaths. In: CoRR, CoRR. Bd. abs/2009.14515 (2020)
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  @article{DBLP:journals/corr/abs-2009-14515, abstract = {Technical progress in hardware and software enables us to record gaze data in everyday situations and over long time spans. Among a multitude of research opportunities, this technology enables visualization researchers to catch a glimpse behind performance measures and into the perceptual and cognitive processes of people using visualization techniques. The majority of eye tracking studies performed for visualization research is limited to the analysis of gaze distributions and aggregated statistics, thus only covering a small portion of insights that can be derived from gaze data. We argue that incorporating theories and methodology from psychology and cognitive science will benefit the design and evaluation of eye tracking experiments for visualization. This position paper outlines our experiences with eye tracking in visualization and states the benefits that an interdisciplinary research field on visualization psychology might bring for better understanding how people interpret visualizations.}, archiveprefix = {arXiv}, author = {Kurzhals, Kuno and Burch, Michael and Weiskopf, Daniel}, bibsource = {dblp computer science bibliography, https://dblp.org}, eprint = {2009.14515}, journal = {CoRR}, title = {What We See and What We Get from Visualization: Eye Tracking Beyond Gaze Distributions and Scanpaths}, url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2009.14515}, volume = {abs/2009.14515}, year = 2020 }
  Link
  https://arxiv.org/abs/2009.14515
17. Kurzhals, Kuno ; Rodrigues, Nils ; Koch, Maurice ; Stoll, Michael ; Bruhn, Andres ; Bulling, Andreas ; Weiskopf, Daniel: Visual Analytics and Annotation of Pervasive Eye Tracking Video. In: Proceedings of the Symposium on Eye Tracking Research & Applications (ETRA), Proceedings of the Symposium on Eye Tracking Research & Applications (ETRA). Stuttgart, Germany : ACM, 2020 — ISBN 9781450371339, S. 16:1-16:9
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  @inproceedings{10.1145/3379155.3391326, abstract = {We propose a new technique for visual analytics and annotation of long-term pervasive eye tracking data for which a combined analysis of gaze and egocentric video is necessary. Our approach enables two important tasks for such data for hour-long videos from individual participants: (1) efficient annotation and (2) direct interpretation of the results. Exemplary time spans can be selected by the user and are then used as a query that initiates a fuzzy search of similar time spans based on gaze and video features. In an iterative refinement loop, the query interface then provides suggestions for the importance of individual features to improve the search results. A multi-layered timeline visualization shows an overview of annotated time spans. We demonstrate the efficiency of our approach for analyzing activities in about seven hours of video in a case study and discuss feedback on our approach from novices and experts performing the annotation task.}, articleno = {16}, author = {Kurzhals, Kuno and Rodrigues, Nils and Koch, Maurice and Stoll, Michael and Bruhn, Andres and Bulling, Andreas and Weiskopf, Daniel}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Symposium on Eye Tracking Research & Applications (ETRA)}, doi = {10.1145/3379155.3391326}, isbn = {9781450371339}, location = {Stuttgart, Germany}, numpages = {9}, pages = {16:1-16:9}, publisher = {ACM}, title = {Visual Analytics and Annotation of Pervasive Eye Tracking Video}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3379155.3391326}, year = 2020 }
  Link
  https://doi.org/10.1145/3379155.3391326
18. Zhou, Liang ; Rivinius, Marc ; Johnson, Chris R. ; Weiskopf, Daniel: Photographic High-Dynamic-Range Scalar Visualization. In: IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics. Bd. 26 (2020), Nr. 6, S. 2156–2167
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  @article{9035636, abstract = {We propose a photographic method to show scalar values of high dynamic range (HDR) by color mapping for 2D visualization. We combine (1) tone-mapping operators that transform the data to the display range of the monitor while preserving perceptually important features, based on a systematic evaluation, and (2) simulated glares that highlight high-value regions. Simulated glares are effective for highlighting small areas (of a few pixels) that may not be visible with conventional visualizations; through a controlled perception study, we confirm that glare is preattentive. The usefulness of our overall photographic HDR visualization is validated through the feedback of expert users.}, author = {Zhou, Liang and Rivinius, Marc and Johnson, Chris R. and Weiskopf, Daniel}, doi = {10.1109/TVCG.2020.2970522}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics}, number = 6, pages = {2156-2167}, title = {Photographic High-Dynamic-Range Scalar Visualization}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2020.2970522}, volume = 26, year = 2020 }
  Link
  https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2020.2970522
19. Sondag, Max ; Meulemans, Wouter ; Schulz, Christoph ; Verbeek, Kevin ; Weiskopf, Daniel ; Speckmann, Bettina: Uncertainty Treemaps. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Pacific Visualization Symposium (PacificVis), Proceedings of the IEEE Pacific Visualization Symposium (PacificVis), 2020, S. 111–120
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  @inproceedings{sondag2020uncertainty, abstract = {Rectangular treemaps visualize hierarchical numerical data by recursively partitioning an input rectangle into smaller rectangles whose areas match the data. Numerical data often has uncertainty associated with it. To visualize uncertainty in a rectangular treemap, we identify two conflicting key requirements: (i) to assess the data value of a node in the hierarchy, the area of its rectangle should directly match its data value, and (ii) to facilitate comparison between data and uncertainty, uncertainty should be encoded using the same visual variable as the data, that is, area. We present Uncertainty Treemaps, which meet both requirements simultaneously by introducing the concept of hierarchical uncertainty masks. First, we define a new cost function that measures the quality of Uncertainty Treemaps. Then, we show how to adapt existing treemapping algorithms to support uncertainty masks. Finally, we demonstrate the usefulness and quality of our technique through an expert review and a computational experiment on real-world datasets.}, author = {Sondag, Max and Meulemans, Wouter and Schulz, Christoph and Verbeek, Kevin and Weiskopf, Daniel and Speckmann, Bettina}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the IEEE Pacific Visualization Symposium (PacificVis)}, doi = {10.1109/PacificVis48177.2020.7614}, pages = {111-120}, title = {Uncertainty Treemaps}, url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9086235}, year = 2020 }
  Link
  https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9086235
2019
1. Silva, Nelson ; Blascheck, Tanja ; Jianu, Radu ; Rodrigues, Nils ; Weiskopf, Daniel ; Raubal, Martin ; Schreck, Tobias: Eye Tracking Support for Visual Analytics Systems: Foundations, Current Applications, and Research Challenges. In: Krejtz, K. ; Sharif, B. (Hrsg.) ; Krejtz, K. ; Sharif, B. (Hrsg.): Proceedings of the Symposium on Eye Tracking Research & Applications (ETRA), Proceedings of the Symposium on Eye Tracking Research & Applications (ETRA) : ACM, 2019 — ISBN 978-1-4503-6709-7, S. 11:1-11:9
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  @inproceedings{conf/etra/SilvaBJRWRS19, abstract = {Visual analytics (VA) research provides helpful solutions for interactive visual data analysis when exploring large and complex datasets. Due to recent advances in eye tracking technology, promising opportunities arise to extend these traditional VA approaches. Therefore, we discuss foundations for eye tracking support in VA systems. We first review and discuss the structure and range of typical VA systems. Based on a widely used VA model, we present five comprehensive examples that cover a wide range of usage scenarios. Then, we demonstrate that the VA model can be used to systematically explore how concrete VA systems could be extended with eye tracking, to create supportive and adaptive analytics systems. This allows us to identify general research and application opportunities, and classify them into research themes. In a call for action, we map the road for future research to broaden the use of eye tracking and advance visual analytics.}, author = {Silva, Nelson and Blascheck, Tanja and Jianu, Radu and Rodrigues, Nils and Weiskopf, Daniel and Raubal, Martin and Schreck, Tobias}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Symposium on Eye Tracking Research & Applications (ETRA)}, crossref = {conf/etra/2019}, doi = {10.1145/3314111.3319919}, editor = {Krejtz, Krzysztof and Sharif, Bonita}, ee = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3314111.3319919}, isbn = {978-1-4503-6709-7}, pages = {11:1-11:9}, publisher = {ACM}, title = {Eye Tracking Support for Visual Analytics Systems: Foundations, Current Applications, and Research Challenges}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3314111.3319919}, year = 2019 }
  Link
  https://doi.org/10.1145/3314111.3319919
2. Schatz, Karsten ; Müller, Christoph ; Gralka, Patrick ; Heinemann, Moritz ; Straub, Alexander ; Schulz, Christoph ; Braun, Matthias ; Rau, Tobias ; u. a.: Visual Analysis of Structure Formation in Cosmic Evolution. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Scientific Visualization Conference (SciVis), Proceedings of the IEEE Scientific Visualization Conference (SciVis), 2019, S. 33–41
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  @inproceedings{schatz2019visual, abstract = {The IEEE SciVis 2019 Contest targets the visual analysis of structure formation in the cosmic evolution of the universe from when the universe was five million years old up to now. In our submission, we analyze high-dimensional data to get an overview, then investigate the impact of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs) using various visualization techniques, for instance, an adapted filament filtering method for detailed analysis and particle flow in the vicinity of filaments. Based on feedback from domain scientists on these initial visualizations, we also analyzed X-ray emissions and star formation areas. The conversion of star-forming gas to stars and the resulting increasing molecular weight of the particles could be observed.}, author = {Schatz, Karsten and Müller, Christoph and Gralka, Patrick and Heinemann, Moritz and Straub, Alexander and Schulz, Christoph and Braun, Matthias and Rau, Tobias and Becher, Michael and Diehl, Patrick and Marcello, Dominic and Frank, Juhan and Müller, Thomas and Frey, Steffen and Reina, Guido and Weiskopf, Daniel and Ertl, Thomas}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the IEEE Scientific Visualization Conference (SciVis)}, doi = {10.1109/scivis47405.2019.8968855}, pages = {33-41}, title = {Visual Analysis of Structure Formation in Cosmic Evolution}, url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8968855}, year = 2019 }
  Link
  https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8968855
3. Bruder, Valentin ; Schulz, Christoph ; Bauer, Ruben ; Frey, Steffen ; Weiskopf, Daniel ; Ertl, Thomas: Voronoi-Based Foveated Volume Rendering. In: Johansson, J. ; Sadlo, F. ; Marai, G. E. (Hrsg.) ; Johansson, J. ; Sadlo, F. ; Marai, G. E. (Hrsg.): Proceedings of the Eurographics Conference on Visualization - Short Papers (EuroVis), Proceedings of the Eurographics Conference on Visualization - Short Papers (EuroVis) : Eurographics Association, 2019 — ISBN 978-3-03868-090-1, S. 67–71
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  @inproceedings{conf/vissym/BruderSBFWE19, abstract = {Foveal vision is located in the center of the field of view with a rich impression of detail and color, whereas peripheral visionoccurs on the side with more fuzzy and colorless perception. This visual acuity fall-off can be used to achieve higher frame ratesby adapting rendering quality to the human visual system. Volume raycasting has unique characteristics, preventing a directtransfer of many traditional foveated rendering techniques. We present an approach that utilizes the visual acuity fall-off toaccelerate volume rendering based on Linde-Buzo-Gray sampling and natural neighbor interpolation. First, we measure gazeusing a stationary 1200 Hz eye-tracking system. Then, we adapt our sampling and reconstruction strategy to that gaze. Finally,we apply a temporal smoothing filter to attenuate undersampling artifacts since peripheral vision is particularly sensitive tocontrast changes and movement. Our approach substantially improves rendering performance with barely perceptible changes invisual quality. We demonstrate the usefulness of our approach through performance measurements on various data se}, author = {Bruder, Valentin and Schulz, Christoph and Bauer, Ruben and Frey, Steffen and Weiskopf, Daniel and Ertl, Thomas}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eurographics Conference on Visualization - Short Papers (EuroVis)}, doi = {10.2312/evs.20191172}, editor = {Johansson, Jimmy and Sadlo, Filip and Marai, G. Elisabeta}, ee = {https://doi.org/10.2312/evs.20191172}, isbn = {978-3-03868-090-1}, pages = {67-71}, publisher = {Eurographics Association}, title = {Voronoi-Based Foveated Volume Rendering}, url = {https://doi.org/10.2312/evs.20191172}, year = 2019 }
  Link
  https://doi.org/10.2312/evs.20191172
4. Reinhardt, Stefan ; Krake, Tim ; Eberhardt, Bernhard ; Weiskopf, Daniel: Consistent shepard interpolation for SPH-based fluid animation. In: ACM Trans. Graph., ACM Trans. Graph. Bd. 38, Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) (2019), Nr. 6, S. 189:1-189:11
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  @article{Reinhardt_2019, abstract = {We present a novel technique to correct errors introduced by the discretization of a fluid body when animating it with smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH). Our approach is based on the Shepard correction, which reduces the interpolation errors from irregularly spaced data. With Shepard correction, the smoothing kernel function is normalized using the weighted sum of the kernel function values in the neighborhood. To compute the correction factor, densities of neighboring particles are needed, which themselves are computed with the uncorrected kernel. This results in an inconsistent formulation and an error-prone correction of the kernel. As a consequence, the density computation may be inaccurate, thus the pressure forces are erroneous and may cause instabilities in the simulation process.We present a consistent formulation by using the corrected densities to compute the exact kernel correction factor and, thereby, increase the accuracy of the simulation. Employing our method, a smooth density distribution is achieved, i.e., the noise in the density field is reduced by orders of magnitude. To show that our method is independent of the SPH variant, we evaluate our technique on weakly compressible SPH and on divergence-free SPH. Incorporating the corrected density into the correction process, the problem cannot be stated explicitly anymore. We propose an efficient and easy-to-implement algorithm to solve the implicit problem by applying the power method. Additionally, we demonstrate how our model can be applied to improve the density distribution on rigid bodies when using a well-known rigid-fluid coupling approach.}, author = {Reinhardt, Stefan and Krake, Tim and Eberhardt, Bernhard and Weiskopf, Daniel}, doi = {10.1145/3355089.3356503}, issn = {0730-0301}, journal = {ACM Trans. Graph.}, month = {11}, number = 6, pages = {189:1-189:11}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery ({ACM})}, title = {Consistent shepard interpolation for SPH-based fluid animation.}, url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/3355089.3356503}, volume = 38, year = 2019 }
  Link
  http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/3355089.3356503
5. Munz, Tanja ; Chuang, Lewis L. ; Pannasch, Sebastian ; Weiskopf, Daniel: VisME: Visual microsaccades explorer. In: Journal of Eye Movement Research, Journal of Eye Movement Research. Bd. 12 (2019), Nr. 6
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  @article{munz2019visme, abstractnote = {<p>This work presents a visual analytics approach to explore microsaccade distributions in high-frequency eye tracking data. Research studies often apply filter algorithms and parameter values for microsaccade detection. Even when the same algorithms are employed, different parameter values might be adopted across different studies. In this paper, we present a visual analytics system (VisME) to promote reproducibility in the data analysis of microsaccades. It allows users to interactively vary the parametric values for microsaccade filters and evaluate the resulting influence on microsaccade behavior across individuals and on a group level. In particular, we exploit brushing-and-linking techniques that allow the microsaccadic properties of space, time, and movement direction to be extracted, visualized, and compared across multiple views. We demonstrate in a case study the use of our visual analytics system on data sets collected from natural scene viewing and show in a qualitative usability study the usefulness of this approach for eye tracking researchers. We believe that interactive tools such as VisME will promote greater transparency in eye movement research by providing researchers with the ability to easily understand complex eye tracking data sets; such tools can also serve as teaching systems. VisME is provided as open source software.</p&gt;}, author = {Munz, Tanja and Chuang, Lewis L. and Pannasch, Sebastian and Weiskopf, Daniel}, doi = {10.16910/jemr.12.6.5}, journal = {Journal of Eye Movement Research}, month = {12}, number = 6, title = {VisME: Visual microsaccades explorer}, url = {https://bop.unibe.ch/JEMR/article/view/JEMR.12.6.5}, volume = 12, year = 2019 }
  Link
  https://bop.unibe.ch/JEMR/article/view/JEMR.12.6.5
6. Zhou, Liang ; Netzel, Rudolf ; Weiskopf, Daniel ; Johnson, Chris R.: Spectral Visualization Sharpening. In: Neyret, S. ; Kokkinara, E. ; González-Franco, M. ; Hoyet, L. ; Cunningham, D. W. ; Swidrak, J. (Hrsg.) ; Neyret, S. ; Kokkinara, E. ; González-Franco, M. ; Hoyet, L. ; Cunningham, D. W. ; Swidrak, J. (Hrsg.): Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Applied Perception (SAP), Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Applied Perception (SAP) : ACM, 2019 — ISBN 978-1-4503-6890-2, S. 18:1-18:9
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  @inproceedings{conf/apgv/0001NWJ19, abstract = {In this paper, we propose a perceptually-guided visualization sharpening technique. We analyze the spectral behavior of an established comprehensive perceptual model to arrive at our approximated model based on an adapted weighting of the bandpass images from a Gaussian pyramid. The main benefit of this approximated model is its controllability and predictability for sharpening color-mapped visualizations. Our method can be integrated into any visualization tool as it adopts generic image-based post-processing, and it is intuitive and easy to use as viewing distance is the only parameter. Using highly diverse datasets, we show the usefulness of our method across a wide range of typical visualizations.}, author = {Zhou, Liang and Netzel, Rudolf and Weiskopf, Daniel and Johnson, Chris R.}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Applied Perception (SAP)}, crossref = {conf/apgv/2019}, doi = {10.1145/3343036.3343133}, editor = {Neyret, Solène and Kokkinara, Elena and González-Franco, Mar and Hoyet, Ludovic and Cunningham, Douglas W. and Swidrak, Justyna}, ee = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3343036.3343133}, isbn = {978-1-4503-6890-2}, pages = {18:1-18:9}, publisher = {ACM}, title = {Spectral Visualization Sharpening.}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3343036.3343133}, year = 2019 }
  Link
  https://doi.org/10.1145/3343036.3343133
7. Görtler, Jochen ; Spicker, Marc ; Schulz, Christoph ; Weiskopf, Daniel ; Deussen, Oliver: Stippling of 2D Scalar Fields. In: IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics. Bd. 25 (2019), Nr. 6, S. 2193–2204
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  @article{journals/tvcg/GortlerSSWD19, abstract = {We propose a technique to represent two-dimensional data using stipples. While stippling is often regarded as an illustrative method, we argue that it is worth investigating its suitability for the visualization domain. For this purpose, we generalize the Linde-Buzo-Gray stippling algorithm for information visualization purposes to encode continuous and discrete 2D data. Our proposed modifications provide more control over the resulting distribution of stipples for encoding additional information into the representation, such as contours. We show different approaches to depict contours in stipple drawings based on locally adjusting the stipple distribution. Combining stipple-based gradients and contours allows for simultaneous assessment of the overall structure of the data while preserving important local details. We discuss the applicability of our technique using datasets from different domains and conduct observation-validating studies to assess the perception of stippled representations}, author = {Görtler, Jochen and Spicker, Marc and Schulz, Christoph and Weiskopf, Daniel and Deussen, Oliver}, doi = {10.1109/TVCG.2019.2903945}, ee = {https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2019.2903945}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics}, number = 6, pages = {2193-2204}, title = {Stippling of 2D Scalar Fields}, url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8667696}, volume = 25, year = 2019 }
  Link
  https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8667696
8. Zhou, Liang ; Weiskopf, Daniel: Multivariate Visualization of Particle Data. In: The European Physical Journal (Special Topics), The European Physical Journal (Special Topics). Bd. 227: Particle Methods in Natural Science and Engineering (2019), Nr. 14, S. 1741--1756
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  @article{zhou2019multivariate, author = {Zhou, Liang and Weiskopf, Daniel}, journal = {The European Physical Journal (Special Topics)}, number = 14, pages = {1741--1756}, title = {Multivariate Visualization of Particle Data.}, volume = {227: Particle Methods in Natural Science and Engineering}, year = 2019 }
9. Bruder, Valentin ; Kurzhals, Kuno ; Frey, Steffen ; Weiskopf, Daniel ; Ertl, Thomas: Space-Time Volume Visualization of Gaze and Stimulus. In: Krejtz, K. ; Sharif, B. (Hrsg.) ; Krejtz, K. ; Sharif, B. (Hrsg.): Proceedings of the Symposium on Eye Tracking Research & Applications (ETRA), Proceedings of the Symposium on Eye Tracking Research & Applications (ETRA) : ACM, 2019 — ISBN 978-1-4503-6709-7, S. 12:1-12:9
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  @inproceedings{conf/etra/BruderKFWE19, abstract = {We present a method for the spatio-temporal analysis of gaze data from multiple participants in the context of a video stimulus. For such data, an overview of the recorded patterns is important to identify common viewing behavior (such as attentional synchrony) and outliers. We adopt the approach of space-time cube visualization, which extends the spatial dimensions of the stimulus by time as the third dimension. Previous work mainly handled eye tracking data in the space-time cube as point cloud, providing no information about the stimulus context. This paper presents a novel visualization technique that combines gaze data, a dynamic stimulus, and optical flow with volume rendering to derive an overview of the data with contextual information. With specifically designed transfer functions, we emphasize different data aspects, making the visualization suitable for explorative analysis and for illustrative support of statistical findings alike.}, author = {Bruder, Valentin and Kurzhals, Kuno and Frey, Steffen and Weiskopf, Daniel and Ertl, Thomas}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Symposium on Eye Tracking Research & Applications (ETRA)}, doi = {10.1145/3314111.3319812}, editor = {Krejtz, Krzysztof and Sharif, Bonita}, ee = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3314111.3319812}, isbn = {978-1-4503-6709-7}, pages = {12:1-12:9}, publisher = {ACM}, title = {Space-Time Volume Visualization of Gaze and Stimulus}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3314111.3319812}, year = 2019 }
  Link
  https://doi.org/10.1145/3314111.3319812
10. Wang, Yunhai ; Wang, Zeyu ; Fu, Chi-Wing ; Schmauder, Hansjörg ; Deussen, Oliver ; Weiskopf, Daniel: Image-Based Aspect Ratio Selection. In: IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics. Bd. 25 (2019), Nr. 1, S. 840–849
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  @article{journals/tvcg/WangWFSDW19, abstract = {Selecting a good aspect ratio is crucial for effective 2D diagrams. There are several aspect ratio selection methods for function plots and line charts, but only few can handle general, discrete diagrams such as 2D scatter plots. However, these methods either lack a perceptual foundation or heavily rely on intermediate isoline representations, which depend on choosing the right isovalues and are time-consuming to compute. This paper introduces a general image-based approach for selecting aspect ratios for a wide variety of 2D diagrams, ranging from scatter plots and density function plots to line charts. Our approach is derived from Federer's co-area formula and a line integral representation that enable us to directly construct image-based versions of existing selection methods using density fields. In contrast to previous methods, our approach bypasses isoline computation, so it is faster to compute, while following the perceptual foundation to select aspect ratios. Furthermore, this approach is complemented by an anisotropic kernel density estimation to construct density fields, allowing us to more faithfully characterize data patterns, such as the subgroups in scatterplots or dense regions in time series. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach by quantitatively comparing to previous methods and revisiting a prior user study. Finally, we present extensions for ROI banking, multi-scale banking, and the application to image data.}, author = {Wang, Yunhai and Wang, Zeyu and Fu, Chi-Wing and Schmauder, Hansjörg and Deussen, Oliver and Weiskopf, Daniel}, doi = {10.1109/TVCG.2018.2865266}, ee = {http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/TVCG.2018.2865266}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics}, number = 1, pages = {840-849}, title = {Image-Based Aspect Ratio Selection.}, url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8440843}, volume = 25, year = 2019 }
  Link
  https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8440843
11. Munz, Tanja ; Burch, Michael ; van Benthem, Toon ; Poels, Yoeri ; Beck, Fabian ; Weiskopf, Daniel: Overlap-Free Drawing of Generalized Pythagoras Trees for Hierarchy Visualization. In: 2019 IEEE Visualization Conference (VIS), 2019 IEEE Visualization Conference (VIS), 2019, S. 251–255
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  @inproceedings{8933606, abstract = {Generalized Pythagoras trees were developed for visualizing hierarchical data, producing organic, fractal-like representations. However, the drawback of the original layout algorithm is visual overlap of tree branches. To avoid such overlap, we introduce an adapted drawing algorithm using ellipses instead of circles to recursively place tree nodes representing the subhierarchies. Our technique is demonstrated by resolving overlap in diverse real-world and generated datasets, while comparing the results to the original approach.}, author = {Munz, Tanja and Burch, Michael and van Benthem, Toon and Poels, Yoeri and Beck, Fabian and Weiskopf, Daniel}, booktitle = {2019 IEEE Visualization Conference (VIS)}, doi = {10.1109/VISUAL.2019.8933606}, month = {10}, pages = {251-255}, title = {Overlap-Free Drawing of Generalized Pythagoras Trees for Hierarchy Visualization}, url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8933606/}, year = 2019 }
  Link
  https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8933606/
12. Bruder, Valentin ; Lahmar, Houssem Ben ; Hlawatsch, Marcel ; Frey, Steffen ; Burch, Michael ; Weiskopf, Daniel ; Herschel, Melanie ; Ertl, Thomas: Volume-Based Large Dynamic Graph Analysis Supported by Evolution Provenance. In: Multimedia Tools and Applications, Multimedia Tools and Applications. Bd. 78 (2019), Nr. 23, S. 32939–32965
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  @article{journals/mta/BruderLHFBWHE19, abstract = {We present an approach for the visualization and interactive analysis of dynamic graphs that contain a large number of time steps. A specific focus is put on the support of analyzing temporal aspects in the data. Central to our approach is a static, volumetric representation of the dynamic graph based on the concept of space-time cubes that we create by stacking the adjacency matrices of all time steps. The use of GPU-accelerated volume rendering techniques allows us to render this representation interactively. We identified four classes of analytics methods as being important for the analysis of large and complex graph data, which we discuss in detail: data views, aggregation and filtering, comparison, and evolution provenance. Implementations of the respective methods are presented in an integrated application, enabling interactive exploration and analysis of large graphs. We demonstrate the applicability, usefulness, and scalability of our approach by presenting two examples for analyzing dynamic graphs. Furthermore, we let visualization experts evaluate our analytics approach.}, author = {Bruder, Valentin and Lahmar, Houssem Ben and Hlawatsch, Marcel and Frey, Steffen and Burch, Michael and Weiskopf, Daniel and Herschel, Melanie and Ertl, Thomas}, doi = {10.1007/s11042-019-07878-6}, ee = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-019-07878-6}, journal = {Multimedia Tools and Applications}, number = 23, pages = {32939-32965}, title = {Volume-Based Large Dynamic Graph Analysis Supported by Evolution Provenance}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-019-07878-6}, volume = 78, year = 2019 }
  Link
  https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-019-07878-6
13. Schulz, Christoph ; Rodrigues, Nils ; Amann, Marco ; Baumgartner, Daniel ; Mielke, Arman ; Baumann, Christian ; Sedlmair, Michael ; Weiskopf, Daniel: A Framework for Pervasive Visual Deficiency Simulation. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), 2019, S. 1852–1857
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  @inproceedings{schulz2019framework, abstract = {We present a framework for rapid prototyping of pervasive visual deficiency simulation in the context of graphical interfaces, virtual reality, and augmented reality. Our framework facilitates the emulation of various visual deficiencies for a wide range of applications, which allows users with normal vision to experience combinations of conditions such as myopia, hyperopia, presbyopia, cataract, nyctalopia, protanopia, deuteranopia, tritanopia, and achromatopsia. Our framework provides an infrastructure to encourage researchers to evaluate visualization and other display techniques regarding visual deficiencies, and opens up the field of visual disease simulation to a broader audience. The benefits of our framework are easy integration, configuration, fast prototyping, and portability to new emerging hardware. To demonstrate the applicability of our framework, we showcase a desktop application and an Android application that transform commodity hardware into glasses for visual deficiency simulation. We expect that this work promotes a greater understanding of visual impairments, leads to better product design for the visually impaired, and forms a basis for research to compensate for these impairments as everyday help}, author = {Schulz, Christoph and Rodrigues, Nils and Amann, Marco and Baumgartner, Daniel and Mielke, Arman and Baumann, Christian and Sedlmair, Michael and Weiskopf, Daniel}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR)}, doi = {10.1109/VR44988.2019.9044164}, pages = {1852-1857}, title = {A Framework for Pervasive Visual Deficiency Simulation}, url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9044164}, year = 2019 }
  Link
  https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9044164
14. Netzel, Rudolf ; Rodrigues, Nils ; Haug, Anja ; Weiskopf, Daniel: Compensation of Simultaneous Orientation Contrast in Superimposed Textures. In: Kerren, A. ; Hurter, C. ; Braz, J. (Hrsg.) ; Kerren, A. ; Hurter, C. ; Braz, J. (Hrsg.): Proceedings of the Conference on Computer Vision, Imaging and Computer Graphics Theory and Applications (VISIGRAPP), Proceedings of the Conference on Computer Vision, Imaging and Computer Graphics Theory and Applications (VISIGRAPP). Bd. 3: IVAPP : SciTePress, 2019 — ISBN 978-989-758-354-4, S. 48–57
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  @inproceedings{conf/grapp/NetzelRHW19, author = {Netzel, Rudolf and Rodrigues, Nils and Haug, Anja and Weiskopf, Daniel}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Conference on Computer Vision, Imaging and Computer Graphics Theory and Applications (VISIGRAPP)}, doi = {10.5220/0007356800480057}, editor = {Kerren, Andreas and Hurter, Christophe and Braz, José}, ee = {https://doi.org/10.5220/0007356800480057}, isbn = {978-989-758-354-4}, pages = {48-57}, publisher = {SciTePress}, title = {Compensation of Simultaneous Orientation Contrast in Superimposed Textures}, url = {http://www.scitepress.org/DigitalLibrary/Link.aspx?doi=10.5220/0007356800480057}, volume = {3: IVAPP}, year = 2019 }
  Link
  http://www.scitepress.org/DigitalLibrary/Link.aspx?doi=10.5220/0007356800480057
2018
1. Müller, Christoph ; Krone, Michael ; Huber, Markus ; Biener, Verena ; Herr, Dominik ; Koch, Steffen ; Reina, Guido ; Weiskopf, Daniel ; u. a.: Interactive Molecular Graphics for Augmented Reality Using HoloLens. In: Schreiber, F. ; Hofestädt, R. (Hrsg.) Journal of Integrative Bioinformatics, Journal of Integrative Bioinformatics. Bd. 15 (2018), Nr. 2
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  @article{mueller2018interactive, author = {Müller, Christoph and Krone, Michael and Huber, Markus and Biener, Verena and Herr, Dominik and Koch, Steffen and Reina, Guido and Weiskopf, Daniel and Ertl, Thomas}, doi = {10.1515/jib-2018-0005}, editor = {Schreiber, Falk and Hofestädt, Ralf}, journal = {Journal of Integrative Bioinformatics}, number = 2, title = {Interactive Molecular Graphics for Augmented Reality Using HoloLens}, volume = 15, year = 2018 }
2. Goertler, Jochen ; Schulz, Christoph ; Deussen, Oliver ; Weiskopf, Daniel: Bubble Treemaps for Uncertainty Visualization. In: IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics. (2018)
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  @article{Goertler2018Bubble, author = {Goertler, Jochen and Schulz, Christoph and Deussen, Oliver and Weiskopf, Daniel}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics}, privnote = {uid:2408}, title = {Bubble Treemaps for Uncertainty Visualization}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2017.2743959}, year = 2018 }
  Link
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2017.2743959
3. Schulz, Christoph ; Schatz, Karsten ; Krone, Michael ; Braun, Matthias ; Ertl, Thomas ; Weiskopf, Daniel: Uncertainty Visualization for Secondary Structures of Proteins. In: IEEE PacificVis, IEEE PacificVis. Bd. 2018 IEEE Pacific Visualization Symposium, 2018, S. 96–105
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  @inproceedings{Schulz2018Uncertainty, author = {Schulz, Christoph and Schatz, Karsten and Krone, Michael and Braun, Matthias and Ertl, Thomas and Weiskopf, Daniel}, booktitle = {IEEE PacificVis}, doi = {10.1109/PacificVis.2018.00020}, pages = {96-105}, title = {Uncertainty Visualization for Secondary Structures of Proteins}, volume = {2018 IEEE Pacific Visualization Symposium}, year = 2018 }
4. Görtler, Jochen ; Schulz, Christoph ; Deussen, Oliver ; Weiskopf, Daniel: Bubble Treemaps for Uncertainty Visualization. In: IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics. Bd. 24 (2018), Nr. 1, S. 719–728
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  @article{Goertler2018Bubble, abstract = {We present a novel type of circular treemap, where we intentionally allocate extra space for additional visual variables. With this extended visual design space, we encode hierarchically structured data along with their uncertainties in a combined diagram. We introduce a hierarchical and force-based circle-packing algorithm to compute Bubble Treemaps, where each node is visualized using nested contour arcs. Bubble Treemaps do not require any color or shading, which offers additional design choices. We explore uncertainty visualization as an application of our treemaps using standard error and Monte Carlo-based statistical models. To this end, we discuss how uncertainty propagates within hierarchies. Furthermore, we show the effectiveness of our visualization using three different examples: the package structure of Flare, the S&P 500 index, and the US consumer expenditure survey}, author = {Görtler, Jochen and Schulz, Christoph and Deussen, Oliver and Weiskopf, Daniel}, doi = {10.1109/TVCG.2017.2743959}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics}, number = 1, pages = {719-728}, title = {Bubble Treemaps for Uncertainty Visualization}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2017.2743959}, volume = 24, year = 2018 }
  Link
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2017.2743959
5. Abdelaal, Moataz ; Hlawatsch, Marcel ; Burch, Michael ; Weiskopf, Daniel: Clustering for Stacked Edge Splatting. In: Vision, Vision., The Eurographics Association (2018), S. Modeling and Visualization
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  @article{https://doi.org/10.2312/vmv.20181262, author = {Abdelaal, Moataz and Hlawatsch, Marcel and Burch, Michael and Weiskopf, Daniel}, doi = {10.2312/VMV.20181262}, journal = {Vision}, pages = {Modeling and Visualization}, publisher = {The Eurographics Association}, title = {Clustering for Stacked Edge Splatting}, url = {https://diglib.eg.org/handle/10.2312/vmv20181262}, year = 2018 }
  Link
  https://diglib.eg.org/handle/10.2312/vmv20181262
6. Rodrigues, Nils ; Netzel, Rudolf ; Spalink, Joachim ; Weiskopf, Daniel: Multiscale Scanpath Visualization and Filtering. In: Chuang, L. L. ; Burch, M. ; Kurzhals, K. (Hrsg.) ; Chuang, L. L. ; Burch, M. ; Kurzhals, K. (Hrsg.): Proceedings of the Symposium on Eye Tracking and Visualization (ETVIS), Proceedings of the Symposium on Eye Tracking and Visualization (ETVIS) : ACM, 2018, S. 2:1-2:5
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  @inproceedings{conf/etra/RodriguesNSW18, abstract = {The analysis of eye-tracking data can be very useful when evaluating controlled user studies. To support the analysis in a fast and easy fashion, we have developed a web-based framework for a visual inspection of eye-tracking data and a comparison of scanpaths based on filtering of fixations and similarity measures. Concerning the first part, we introduce a multiscale aggregation of fixations and saccades based on a spatial partitioning that reduces visual clutter of overlaid scanpaths without changing the overall impression of large-scale eye movements. The multiscale technique abstracts the individual scanpaths and allows an analyst to visually identify clusters or patterns inherent to the gaze data without the need for lengthy precomputations. For the second part, we introduce an approach where analysts can remove fixations from a pair of scanpaths in order to increase the similarity between them. This can be useful to discover and understand reasons for dissimilarity between scanpaths, data cleansing, and outlier detection. Our implementation uses the MultiMatch algorithm to predict similarities after the removal of individual fixations. Finally, we demonstrate the usefulness of our techniques in a use case with scanpaths that were recorded in a study with metro maps.}, author = {Rodrigues, Nils and Netzel, Rudolf and Spalink, Joachim and Weiskopf, Daniel}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Symposium on Eye Tracking and Visualization (ETVIS)}, doi = {10.1145/3205929.3205931}, editor = {Chuang, Lewis L. and Burch, Michael and Kurzhals, Kuno}, ee = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3205929.3205931}, pages = {2:1-2:5}, publisher = {ACM}, title = {Multiscale Scanpath Visualization and Filtering}, url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3205929.3205931}, year = 2018 }
  Link
  https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3205929.3205931
7. Rodrigues, Nils ; Weiskopf, Daniel: Nonlinear Dot Plots. In: IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics. Bd. 24 (2018), Nr. 1, S. 616–625
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  @article{888e7816f6314cbeb56a29b239b290f7, abstract = {Conventional dot plots use a constant dot size and are typically applied to show the frequency distribution of small data sets. Unfortunately, they are not designed for a high dynamic range of frequencies. We address this problem by introducing nonlinear dot plots. Adopting the idea of nonlinear scaling from logarithmic bar charts, our plots allow for dots of varying size so that columns with a large number of samples are reduced in height. For the construction of these diagrams, we introduce an efficient two-way sweep algorithm that leads to a dense and symmetrical layout. We compensate aliasing artifacts at high dot densities by a specifically designed low-pass filtering method. Examples of nonlinear dot plots are compared to conventional dot plots as well as linear and logarithmic histograms. Finally, we include feedback from an expert review.}, author = {Rodrigues, Nils and Weiskopf, Daniel}, doi = {10.1109/TVCG.2017.2744018}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics}, number = 1, pages = {616-625}, title = {Nonlinear Dot Plots}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2017.2744018}, volume = 24, year = 2018 }
  Link
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2017.2744018
8. Bruder, Valentin ; Hlawatsch, Marcel ; Frey, Steffen ; Burch, Michael ; Weiskopf, Daniel ; Ertl, Thomas: Volume-Based Large Dynamic Graph Analytics. In: Banissi, E. ; Francese, R. ; Bannatyne, M. W. McK. ; Wyeld, T. G. ; Sarfraz, M. ; Pires, J. M. ; Ursyn, A. ; Bouali, F. ; u. a. (Hrsg.) ; Banissi, E. ; Francese, R. ; Bannatyne, M. W. McK. ; Wyeld, T. G. ; Sarfraz, M. ; Pires, J. M. ; Ursyn, A. ; Bouali, F. ; u. a. (Hrsg.): Proceedings of the International Conference Information Visualisation (IV), Proceedings of the International Conference Information Visualisation (IV) : IEEE, 2018 — ISBN 978-1-5386-7202-0, S. 210–219
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  @inproceedings{conf/iv/BruderHFBWE18, abstract = {We present an approach for interactively analyzing large dynamic graphs consisting of several thousand time steps with a particular focus on temporal aspects. we employ a static representation of the time-varying graph based on the concept of space-time cubes, i.e., we create a volumetric representation of the graph by stacking the adjacency matrices of each of its time steps. To achieve an efficient analysis of complex data, we discuss three classes of analytics methods of particular importance in this context: data views, aggregation and filtering, and comparison. For these classes, we present a GPU-based implementation of respective analysis methods that enable the interactive analysis of large graphs. We demonstrate the utility as well as the scalability of our approach by presenting application examples for analyzing different time-varying data sets.}, author = {Bruder, Valentin and Hlawatsch, Marcel and Frey, Steffen and Burch, Michael and Weiskopf, Daniel and Ertl, Thomas}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Conference Information Visualisation (IV)}, crossref = {conf/iv/2018}, doi = {10.1109/iV.2018.00045}, editor = {Banissi, Ebad and Francese, Rita and Bannatyne, Mark W. McK. and Wyeld, Theodor G. and Sarfraz, Muhammad and Pires, João Moura and Ursyn, Anna and Bouali, Fatma and Datia, Nuno and Venturini, Gilles and Polese, Giuseppe and Deufemia, Vincenzo and Mascio, Tania Di and Temperini, Marco and Sciarrone, Filippo and Malandrino, Delfina and Zaccagnino, Rocco and Díaz, Paloma and Papadopoulo, Fragkiskos and Anta, Antonio Fernández and Cuzzocrea, Alfredo and Risi, Michele and Erra, Ugo and Rossano, Veronica}, ee = {http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/iV.2018.00045}, isbn = {978-1-5386-7202-0}, pages = {210-219}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Volume-Based Large Dynamic Graph Analytics}, url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8564163}, year = 2018 }
  Link
  https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8564163
9. Schulz, Christoph ; Zeyfang, Adrian ; van Garderen, Mereke ; Ben Lahmar, Houssem ; Herschel, Melanie ; Weiskopf, Daniel: Simultaneous Visual Analysis of Multiple Software Hierarchies. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Working Conference on Software Visualization (VISSOFT), Proceedings of the IEEE Working Conference on Software Visualization (VISSOFT) : IEEE, 2018, S. 87–95
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  BibTeX
  @inproceedings{Schulz2018Simultaneous, abstract = {We propose a tree visualization technique for comparison of structures and attributes across multiple hierarchies. Many software systems are structured hierarchically by design. For example, developers subdivide source code into libraries, modules, and functions. This design propagates to software configuration and business processes, rendering software hierarchies even more important. Often these structural elements are attributed with reference counts, code quality metrics, and the like. Throughout the entire software life cycle, these hierarchies are reviewed, integrated, debugged, and changed many times by different people so that the identity of a structural element and its attributes is not clearly traceable. We argue that pairwise comparison of similar trees is a tedious task due to the lack of overview, especially when applied to a large number of hierarchies. Therefore, we strive to visualize multiple similar trees as a whole by merging them into one supertree. To merge structures and combine attributes from different trees, we leverage the Jaccard similarity and solve a matching problem while keeping track of the origin of a structure element and its attributes. Our visualization approach allows users to inspect these supertrees using node-link diagrams and indented tree plots. The nodes in these plots depict aggregated attributes and, using word-sized line plots, detailed data. We demonstrate the usefulness of our method by exploring the evolution of software repositories and debugging data processing pipelines using provenance data.}, author = {Schulz, Christoph and Zeyfang, Adrian and van Garderen, Mereke and {Ben Lahmar}, Houssem and Herschel, Melanie and Weiskopf, Daniel}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the IEEE Working Conference on Software Visualization (VISSOFT)}, doi = {10.1109/VISSOFT.2018.00017}, pages = {87-95}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Simultaneous Visual Analysis of Multiple Software Hierarchies}, url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8530134/}, year = 2018 }
  Link
  https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8530134/
2017
1. Rodrigues, Nils ; Weiskopf, Daniel: Nonlinear Dot Plots. In: IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics. Bd. 2018 (2017)
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  @article{9ff15069de89495e99cdd4cef875aa1a, author = {Rodrigues, Nils and Weiskopf, Daniel}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics}, privnote = {uid:2406}, title = {Nonlinear Dot Plots}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2017.2744018}, volume = 2018, year = 2017 }
  Link
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2017.2744018
2. Rodrigues, Nils ; Burch, Michael ; Di Silvestro, Lorenzo ; Weiskopf, Daniel: A Visual Analytics Approach for Word Relevances in Multiple Texts. In: IV 2017, IV 2017, 2017
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  @inproceedings{rodrigues2017vaforwordrelevances, author = {Rodrigues, Nils and Burch, Michael and Di Silvestro, Lorenzo and Weiskopf, Daniel}, booktitle = {IV 2017}, privnote = {uid:2404}, title = {A Visual Analytics Approach for Word Relevances in Multiple Texts}, year = 2017 }
3. Srulijes, Karin ; Schulz, Christoph ; Mack, David J ; Jarosch, Rafael ; Klenk, Jochen ; Schwickert, Lars ; Schwenk, Michael ; Maetzler, Walter ; u. a.: Visualization of Eye-Head Coordination While Walking in Healthy Subjects and Patients with Neurodegenerative Diseases. In: International Society of Posture & Gait Research, International Society of Posture & Gait Research, 2017. — Rezensiertes Poster
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  @inproceedings{Srulijes2017Visualization, author = {Srulijes, Karin and Schulz, Christoph and Mack, David J and Jarosch, Rafael and Klenk, Jochen and Schwickert, Lars and Schwenk, Michael and Maetzler, Walter and Weiskopf, Daniel and Becker, Clemens}, booktitle = {International Society of Posture & Gait Research}, note = {Rezensiertes Poster}, privnote = {uid:2409}, title = {Visualization of Eye-Head Coordination While Walking in Healthy Subjects and Patients with Neurodegenerative Diseases}, year = 2017 }
4. Huber, Markus ; Eberhardt, Bernhard ; Weiskopf, Daniel: Cloth Animation Retrieval Using a Motion-shape Signature. In: IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications. (2017)
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  @article{02c10d98873742bd8244ae591709b489, author = {Huber, Markus and Eberhardt, Bernhard and Weiskopf, Daniel}, journal = {IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications}, privnote = {uid:2410}, title = {Cloth Animation Retrieval Using a Motion-shape Signature}, year = 2017 }
5. Burch, Michael ; Hlawatsch, Marcel ; Weiskopf, Daniel: Visualizing a Sequence of a Thousand Graphs (or Even More). In: Computer Graphics Forum, Computer Graphics Forum. Bd. 36 (2017), Nr. 3
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  BibTeX
  @article{Burch17Eurovis, author = {Burch, Michael and Hlawatsch, Marcel and Weiskopf, Daniel}, journal = {Computer Graphics Forum}, number = 3, privnote = {uid:2384}, title = {Visualizing a Sequence of a Thousand Graphs (or Even More)}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cgf.13185}, volume = 36, year = 2017 }
  Link
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cgf.13185
6. Reinhardt, Stefan ; Huber, Markus ; Eberhardt, Bernhard ; Weiskopf, Daniel: Fully Asynchronous SPH Simulation. In: Association, T. E. (Hrsg.) ; Association, T. E. (Hrsg.): Eurographics/ACM SIGGRAPH Symposium on Computer Animation, Eurographics/ACM SIGGRAPH Symposium on Computer Animation, 2017
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  @inproceedings{9565d2270df14a41a43e2a5a1f8ba849, author = {Reinhardt, Stefan and Huber, Markus and Eberhardt, Bernhard and Weiskopf, Daniel}, booktitle = {Eurographics/ACM SIGGRAPH Symposium on Computer Animation}, editor = {Association, The Eurographics}, privnote = {uid:2388}, title = {Fully Asynchronous SPH Simulation}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3099564.3099571}, year = 2017 }
  Link
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3099564.3099571
7. Schulz, Christoph ; Burch, Michael ; Beck, Fabian ; Weiskopf, Daniel: Visual Data Cleansing of Low-Level Eye Tracking Data. In: Burch, M. ; Chuang, L. ; Fisher, B. ; Schmidt, A. ; Weiskopf, D. (Hrsg.) ; Burch, M. ; Chuang, L. ; Fisher, B. ; Schmidt, A. ; Weiskopf, D. (Hrsg.): Eye Tracking and Visualization: Foundations, Techniques, and Applications. ETVIS 2015, Eye Tracking and Visualization: Foundations, Techniques, and Applications. ETVIS 2015 : Springer International Publishing, 2017
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  @inbook{Schulz2017VDA, author = {Schulz, Christoph and Burch, Michael and Beck, Fabian and Weiskopf, Daniel}, booktitle = {Eye Tracking and Visualization: Foundations, Techniques, and Applications. ETVIS 2015}, editor = {Burch, Michael and Chuang, Lewis and Fisher, Brian and Schmidt, Albrecht and Weiskopf, Daniel}, privnote = {uid:2246}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, title = {Visual Data Cleansing of Low-Level Eye Tracking Data}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47024-5_12}, year = 2017 }
  Link
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47024-5_12
8. Beck, Fabian ; Blascheck, Tanja ; Ertl, Thomas ; Weiskopf, Daniel: Word-Sized Eye Tracking Visualizations. In: Burch, M. ; Chuang, L. ; Fisher, B. ; Schmidt, A. ; Weiskopf, D. (Hrsg.) ; Burch, M. ; Chuang, L. ; Fisher, B. ; Schmidt, A. ; Weiskopf, D. (Hrsg.): Eye Tracking and Visualization: Foundations, Techniques, and Applications. ETVIS 2015, Eye Tracking and Visualization: Foundations, Techniques, and Applications. ETVIS 2015 : Springer, 2017
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  BibTeX
  @inbook{ad6c5954be51477ab9df8cc1912fbdc3, author = {Beck, Fabian and Blascheck, Tanja and Ertl, Thomas and Weiskopf, Daniel}, booktitle = {Eye Tracking and Visualization: Foundations, Techniques, and Applications. ETVIS 2015}, editor = {Burch, Michael and Chuang, Lewis and Fisher, Brian and Schmidt, Albrecht and Weiskopf, Daniel}, privnote = {uid:2227}, publisher = {Springer}, title = {Word-Sized Eye Tracking Visualizations}, year = 2017 }
9. Kurzhals, Kuno ; Çetinkaya, Emine ; Hu, Yongtao ; Wang, Wenping ; Weiskopf, Daniel: Close to the Action: Eye-tracking Evaluation of Speaker-following Subtitles. In: ACM (Hrsg.) ; ACM (Hrsg.): Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 2017, S. 6559–6568
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  @inproceedings{2ef4024423b04da094a66b42aec94e6f, abstract = {The incorporation of subtitles in multimedia content plays an important role in communicating spoken content. For example, subtitles in the respective language are often preferred to expensive audio translation of foreign movies. The traditional representation of subtitles displays text centered at the bottom of the screen. This layout can lead to large distances between text and relevant image content, causing eye strain and even that we miss visual content. As a recent alternative, the technique of speaker-following subtitles places subtitle text in speech bubbles close to the current speaker. We conducted a controlled eye-tracking laboratory study (n = 40) to compare the regular approach (center-bottom subtitles) with content-sensitive, speaker-following subtitles. We compared different dialog-heavy video clips with the two layouts. Our results show that speaker-following subtitles lead to higher fixation counts on relevant image regions and reduce saccade length, which is an important factor for eye strain.}, author = {Kurzhals, Kuno and Çetinkaya, Emine and Hu, Yongtao and Wang, Wenping and Weiskopf, Daniel}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3025453.3025772}, editor = {ACM}, pages = {6559-6568}, title = {Close to the Action: Eye-tracking Evaluation of Speaker-following Subtitles}, url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3025453.3025772}, year = 2017 }
  Link
  https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3025453.3025772
10. Reinhardt, Stefan ; Huber, Markus ; Dumitrescu, Otilia ; Krone, Michael ; Eberhardt, Bernhard ; Weiskopf, Daniel: Visual Debugging of SPH Simulations. In: International Conference on Information Visualisation (IV), International Conference on Information Visualisation (IV). Bd. 21, 2017, S. 117–126
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  @inproceedings{reinhardtsphiv2017, author = {Reinhardt, Stefan and Huber, Markus and Dumitrescu, Otilia and Krone, Michael and Eberhardt, Bernhard and Weiskopf, Daniel}, booktitle = {International Conference on Information Visualisation (IV)}, pages = {117-126}, title = {Visual Debugging of SPH Simulations}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iV.2017.20}, volume = 21, year = 2017 }
  Link
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iV.2017.20
11. Gralka, Patrick ; Schulz, Christoph ; Reina, Guido ; Weiskopf, Daniel ; Ertl, Thomas: Visual Exploration of Memory Traces and Call Stacks. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Working Conference on Software Visualization (VISSOFT), Proceedings of the IEEE Working Conference on Software Visualization (VISSOFT) : IEEE, 2017, S. 54–63
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  @inproceedings{Gralka2017Visual, abstract = {Analysis of software performance typically takes into account clock cycles and memory consumption at each sampling point in time. Although this is a valid strategy, we argue that it is also worth investigating data and control flow structures, as observed using memory traces and call stacks, because of their importance for performance engineering. In this work, we present a visual approach to memory profiling that supports analysis of memory layout, access patterns, and aliasing in correlation to program execution. Our method leverages language-agnostic dynamic code instrumentation to minimize the impact of tracing on performance, i.e., the application remains usable on commodity hardware. The profiled data is then clustered and visualized using a density-based scatter plot. If debug symbols are available, the scatter plot is augmented by a flame graph to ease linking to the high-level source code. Our visualization helps software engineers to identify runtime behavior by relating memory addresses to instruction execution. We demonstrate our approach using a set of examples revealing different memory access patterns and discuss their influence on software performance.}, author = {Gralka, Patrick and Schulz, Christoph and Reina, Guido and Weiskopf, Daniel and Ertl, Thomas}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the IEEE Working Conference on Software Visualization (VISSOFT)}, doi = {10.1109/VISSOFT.2017.15}, pages = {54-63}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Visual Exploration of Memory Traces and Call Stacks}, url = {https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/VISSOFT.2017.15}, year = 2017 }
  Link
  https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/VISSOFT.2017.15
12. Kurzhals, Kuno ; Stoll, Michael ; Bruhn, Andrés ; Weiskopf, Daniel: FlowBrush: Optical Flow Art. In: Proceedings of Computational Aesthetics 2017, Proceedings of Computational Aesthetics 2017, 2017
  - BibTeX
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  BibTeX
  @inproceedings{aea7916dcac7402d87b595c395074a8b, author = {Kurzhals, Kuno and Stoll, Michael and Bruhn, Andrés and Weiskopf, Daniel}, booktitle = {Proceedings of Computational Aesthetics 2017}, privnote = {uid:2390}, title = {FlowBrush: Optical Flow Art}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3092912.3092914}, year = 2017 }
  Link
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3092912.3092914
13. Schulz, Christoph ; Rodrigues, Nils ; Damarla, Krishna ; Henicke, Andreas ; Weiskopf, Daniel: Visual Exploration of Mainframe Workloads. In: Proceedings of the SIGGRAPH Asia Symposium on Visualization, Proceedings of the SIGGRAPH Asia Symposium on Visualization : ACM, 2017, S. 4:1-4:7
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  BibTeX
  @inproceedings{Schulz2017Visual, abstract = {We present a visual analytics approach to support the workload management process for z/OS mainframes at IBM. This process typically requires the analysis of records consisting of 100 to 150 performance-related metrics, sampled over time. We aim at replacing the previous spreadsheet-based workflow with an easier, faster, and more scalable one regarding measurement periods and collected performance metrics. To achieve this goal, we collaborate with a developer embedded at IBM in a formative process. Based on that experience, we discuss the application background and formulate requirements to support decision making based on performance data for large-scale systems. Our visual approach helps analysts find outliers, patterns, and relations between performance metrics by data exploration through various visualizations. We demonstrate the usefulness and applicability of line plots, scatter plots, scatter plot matrices, parallel coordinates, and correlation matrices for workload management. Finally, we evaluate our approach in a qualitative user study with IBM domain experts.}, author = {Schulz, Christoph and Rodrigues, Nils and Damarla, Krishna and Henicke, Andreas and Weiskopf, Daniel}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the SIGGRAPH Asia Symposium on Visualization}, pages = {4:1-4:7}, publisher = {ACM}, title = {Visual Exploration of Mainframe Workloads}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3139295.3139312}, venue = {Article No. 4}, year = 2017 }
  Link
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3139295.3139312
14. Schulz, Christoph ; Nocaj, Arlind ; Goertler, Jochen ; Deussen, Oliver ; Brandes, Ulrik ; Weiskopf, Daniel: Probabilistic Graph Layout for Uncertain Network Visualization. In: IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics. Bd. 23 (2017), Nr. 1
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  @article{Schulz2016ProbabilisticGraphLayout, author = {Schulz, Christoph and Nocaj, Arlind and Goertler, Jochen and Deussen, Oliver and Brandes, Ulrik and Weiskopf, Daniel}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics}, number = 1, privnote = {uid:2281}, title = {Probabilistic Graph Layout for Uncertain Network Visualization}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2016.2598919}, volume = 23, year = 2017 }
  Link
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2016.2598919

Schwerpunkte

Lebenslauf

Education
2005 Habilitation (venia legendi) in Informatik, Universität Stuttgart
2001 Dr. rer. nat. (Ph.D.) in Physik, Universität Tübingen
1997 Diplom (M.Sc.) in Physik, Universität Tübingen

Work history
06/2007 - present Professor of computer science at Universität Stuttgart
09/2005 - 05/2007 Assistant Professor, School of Computing Science at Simon Fraser University
11/2001 - 08/2005 Wissenschaftlicher Assistent at the Institute of Visualization and Interactive Systems, Universität Stuttgart

Daniel Weiskopf

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2024

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2023

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2022

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2021

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